菲是多环芳烃中的代表性物质,具有“三致”效应,而且菲的蒸汽压小,辛醇-水分配系数高,生物可利用性低,是一种持久性有机污染物.随着化石燃料的大量使用,受菲污染的土壤越来越多,研究菲的修复技术对污染土壤的再利用具有重要意义.结合目前国内外研究进展,综述了污染土壤中菲的修复方法,包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复.针对各种修复方法,阐述了其原理、修复条件、实例应用和优缺点,重点论述了植物修复和微生物修复方法的降解机理和应用,分析了微生物性质,包括氧、营养物、温度、土壤理化性质、共存污染物等环境因素对生物降解的影响.由于溶解性的菲有较好的迁移转化能力,因此表面活性剂的助溶作用适用于各种修复方法,选择合适的表面活性剂可以提高修复效果.在各种修复技术中,物理修复是通过物理技术实现菲的解吸与富集,无污染,但是去除率低;化学修复是使用氧化剂将菲氧化分解成无毒易降解的小分子物质或通过添加化学淋洗剂增加菲的溶解性,提高迁移转化能力,用时短,但是引入其他试剂,容易造成二次污染;植物修复是通过植物的提取、降解和固定等过程实现菲的修复,尤其是植物的根际环境为微生物的生长提供有利的条件;微生物修复以菲可作为微生物生长的碳源为基础,在分解酶的作用下实现菲的降解,但是生物修复周期长,可利用的生物少,而且可能生成毒性更高的中间代谢产物.因此,寻找合适的修复物种,采用基因技术提高生物的修复能力或多法联用、取长补短可提高修复效率.最后,在共降解理论的基础上,结合重金属和有机污染物共存时,一种物质的存在对另一种物质的降解有促进作用,提出了协同降解的概念,寻求对多种污染物有协同降解或共降解作用的修复方法是今后发展的主要方向.
菲是多環芳烴中的代錶性物質,具有“三緻”效應,而且菲的蒸汽壓小,辛醇-水分配繫數高,生物可利用性低,是一種持久性有機汙染物.隨著化石燃料的大量使用,受菲汙染的土壤越來越多,研究菲的脩複技術對汙染土壤的再利用具有重要意義.結閤目前國內外研究進展,綜述瞭汙染土壤中菲的脩複方法,包括物理脩複、化學脩複和生物脩複.針對各種脩複方法,闡述瞭其原理、脩複條件、實例應用和優缺點,重點論述瞭植物脩複和微生物脩複方法的降解機理和應用,分析瞭微生物性質,包括氧、營養物、溫度、土壤理化性質、共存汙染物等環境因素對生物降解的影響.由于溶解性的菲有較好的遷移轉化能力,因此錶麵活性劑的助溶作用適用于各種脩複方法,選擇閤適的錶麵活性劑可以提高脩複效果.在各種脩複技術中,物理脩複是通過物理技術實現菲的解吸與富集,無汙染,但是去除率低;化學脩複是使用氧化劑將菲氧化分解成無毒易降解的小分子物質或通過添加化學淋洗劑增加菲的溶解性,提高遷移轉化能力,用時短,但是引入其他試劑,容易造成二次汙染;植物脩複是通過植物的提取、降解和固定等過程實現菲的脩複,尤其是植物的根際環境為微生物的生長提供有利的條件;微生物脩複以菲可作為微生物生長的碳源為基礎,在分解酶的作用下實現菲的降解,但是生物脩複週期長,可利用的生物少,而且可能生成毒性更高的中間代謝產物.因此,尋找閤適的脩複物種,採用基因技術提高生物的脩複能力或多法聯用、取長補短可提高脩複效率.最後,在共降解理論的基礎上,結閤重金屬和有機汙染物共存時,一種物質的存在對另一種物質的降解有促進作用,提齣瞭協同降解的概唸,尋求對多種汙染物有協同降解或共降解作用的脩複方法是今後髮展的主要方嚮.
비시다배방경중적대표성물질,구유“삼치”효응,이차비적증기압소,신순-수분배계수고,생물가이용성저,시일충지구성유궤오염물.수착화석연료적대량사용,수비오염적토양월래월다,연구비적수복기술대오염토양적재이용구유중요의의.결합목전국내외연구진전,종술료오염토양중비적수복방법,포괄물리수복、화학수복화생물수복.침대각충수복방법,천술료기원리、수복조건、실례응용화우결점,중점논술료식물수복화미생물수복방법적강해궤리화응용,분석료미생물성질,포괄양、영양물、온도、토양이화성질、공존오염물등배경인소대생물강해적영향.유우용해성적비유교호적천이전화능력,인차표면활성제적조용작용괄용우각충수복방법,선택합괄적표면활성제가이제고수복효과.재각충수복기술중,물리수복시통과물리기술실현비적해흡여부집,무오염,단시거제솔저;화학수복시사용양화제장비양화분해성무독역강해적소분자물질혹통과첨가화학림세제증가비적용해성,제고천이전화능력,용시단,단시인입기타시제,용역조성이차오염;식물수복시통과식물적제취、강해화고정등과정실현비적수복,우기시식물적근제배경위미생물적생장제공유리적조건;미생물수복이비가작위미생물생장적탄원위기출,재분해매적작용하실현비적강해,단시생물수복주기장,가이용적생물소,이차가능생성독성경고적중간대사산물.인차,심조합괄적수복물충,채용기인기술제고생물적수복능력혹다법련용、취장보단가제고수복효솔.최후,재공강해이론적기출상,결합중금속화유궤오염물공존시,일충물질적존재대령일충물질적강해유촉진작용,제출료협동강해적개념,심구대다충오염물유협동강해혹공강해작용적수복방법시금후발전적주요방향.
Phenanthrene is the representative of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with the effects of carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis. Due to the characters of low steam pressure, high octanol-water distribution coefficient and low biological availability, it is a kind of persistent organic pollutant. Because of the wide use of fossil fuels, more and more soils are contaminated by phenanthrene. Hence, it’s of great significance to make researches on phenanthrene remediation, which contributes to the reuse of contaminated soil. This article has comprehensively summarized the remediation methods of Phenanthrene in contaminated soils, including physical remediation, chemical remediation, phytoremediation, and microbial remediation. In allusion to various methods, this article introduces the principle, remediation conditions, application examples, and merits or demerits. Great emphasis is laid on the discussion of the degradation mechanism and application of phytoremediation and microbial remediation methods. Besides, the microbial properties and environmental factors was analyzed, including oxygen, nutrients, temperature, physical and chemical properties of the soil, coexistence pollutants, etc., which may have an influence on the biological degradation. Dissolved phenanthrene has unique transport and transformation ability. Surfactants possess good dissolution effect. Therefore, choosing a suitable surfactant can improve the effects of remediation. Physical remediation with no pollution can realize desorption and concentration of phenanthrene from soil particle, but the removal rate is low. In chemical remediation, oxidants will oxidize and decompose phenanthrene, which can be converted to non-toxic and easily degradable small molecules. And the chemical elution increases the solubility of phenanthrene, which improves the ability of transport and transformation. In spite of the short processing time of chemical remediation, the addition of other reagents easily causes the second pollution. Phenanthrene can be remedied through the extraction, degradation and immobilization processes of plants, particularly in the rhizosphere of plants, which supplies microbial degradation with favorable conditions. As an organic matter, phenanthrene can provide carbon source for the microorganic growth, and decompose under the action of enzymes. However, few species can be used in the remediation with long remediation cycle, some of which may even generate toxic intermediate metabolites. Consequently, it can improve the efficiency of remediation to find a suitable species and to employ gene technology to improve biological ability or the combination of several methods. Based on the theory of co-degradation, coupled with the degradation promotion with each other in the presence of heavy metals and organic pollutants, the concept of synergetic degradation is proposed. Great interests will be focused on the new method which has synergic degradation or co-degradation effects on a variety of pollutants in the future.
