物理学报
物理學報
물이학보
2013年
3期
54-59
,共6页
费曼棘齿–棘爪%热漏%热力学性能%不可逆热机
費曼棘齒–棘爪%熱漏%熱力學性能%不可逆熱機
비만극치–극조%열루%열역학성능%불가역열궤
Feynman’s ratchet and pawl%heat leak%thermodynamic performance%irreversible heat engine
研究了一维晶格中费曼棘齿-棘爪热机模型.用粒子的概率主方程来描述粒子在晶格中的动力学特性,推导出热流、功率和效率的表达式.通过数值计算分析势垒高度、外力和温比对热流以及热机功率和效率的影响.研究表明:在粒子稳态概率流为零时,存在非零的热流从高温库流入低温库,类似于经典不可逆卡诺模型中的热漏;热漏的存在使得热机的效率远远小于卡诺效率,功率与效率之间为闭合的关系曲线,热机为不可逆热机;对热机性能参数进行优化,可以使热机工作在最优性能状态下.
研究瞭一維晶格中費曼棘齒-棘爪熱機模型.用粒子的概率主方程來描述粒子在晶格中的動力學特性,推導齣熱流、功率和效率的錶達式.通過數值計算分析勢壘高度、外力和溫比對熱流以及熱機功率和效率的影響.研究錶明:在粒子穩態概率流為零時,存在非零的熱流從高溫庫流入低溫庫,類似于經典不可逆卡諾模型中的熱漏;熱漏的存在使得熱機的效率遠遠小于卡諾效率,功率與效率之間為閉閤的關繫麯線,熱機為不可逆熱機;對熱機性能參數進行優化,可以使熱機工作在最優性能狀態下.
연구료일유정격중비만극치-극조열궤모형.용입자적개솔주방정래묘술입자재정격중적동역학특성,추도출열류、공솔화효솔적표체식.통과수치계산분석세루고도、외력화온비대열류이급열궤공솔화효솔적영향.연구표명:재입자은태개솔류위령시,존재비령적열류종고온고류입저온고,유사우경전불가역잡낙모형중적열루;열루적존재사득열궤적효솔원원소우잡낙효솔,공솔여효솔지간위폐합적관계곡선,열궤위불가역열궤;대열궤성능삼수진행우화,가이사열궤공작재최우성능상태하.
In this paper, we studiy the Feynman’s ratchet and pawl heat engine in a one-dimensional lattice. The dynamics of the particle is described by a master equation. The expressions of the current, efficiency and power output of the heat engine are derived analytically. The influences of the height of barrier, external load force and the temperature ratio of the heat reservoirs on the efficiency of heat engine are discussed. When the steady-state current is zero, there is a nonzero heat flux transterred from the hot bath to the cold bath, which is similar to the heat leak of the irreversible Carnot model. The curve of the power output versus the efficiency is a loop-shaped one. The heat engine is irreversible and the efficiency is less than the Carnot efficiency. The heat engine can work in optimal operation by optimizing the performance parameters of the heat engine.
