CAJ | 학술논문

目的:对中国东中西部地区及各省(直辖市、自治区)人均卫生资源配置的均衡性和公平性进行评价,为卫生资源的优化配置提供依据.方法:采用统计描述、洛伦兹曲线(Lorenz curve)和基尼系数(Gini coefficient)等方法,从我国各省(直辖市、自治区)人口分布角度,分析卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等指标的均衡性和公平性.各省份的人口数、卫生机构数、床位数、卫生技术人员数等数据均来自于国家统计局和国家卫生部2011年度的统计年鉴报告.结果:东部地区的卫生资源拥有量是中部地区的1~1.5倍以上,是西部地区的1.3~1.7倍;全国各省份卫生资源的基尼系数均在0.3以内;卫生机构配置的公平程度低于床位和卫生技术人员配置.结论:我国各省份之间卫生资源配置不均衡,但主要卫生资源人口分布较为公平;我国卫生资源配置重点不再是解决人口拥有量的问题,而是要注重优化卫生资源结构,增进卫生资源效率,提高卫生服务质量.
목적:대중국동중서부지구급각성(직할시、자치구)인균위생자원배치적균형성화공평성진행평개,위위생자원적우화배치제공의거.방법:채용통계묘술、락륜자곡선(Lorenz curve)화기니계수(Gini coefficient)등방법,종아국각성(직할시、자치구)인구분포각도,분석위생궤구수、상위수、위생기술인원수등지표적균형성화공평성.각성빈적인구수、위생궤구수、상위수、위생기술인원수등수거균래자우국가통계국화국가위생부2011년도적통계년감보고.결과:동부지구적위생자원옹유량시중부지구적1~1.5배이상,시서부지구적1.3~1.7배;전국각성빈위생자원적기니계수균재0.3이내;위생궤구배치적공평정도저우상위화위생기술인원배치.결론:아국각성빈지간위생자원배치불균형,단주요위생자원인구분포교위공평;아국위생자원배치중점불재시해결인구옹유량적문제,이시요주중우화위생자원결구,증진위생자원효솔,제고위생복무질량.
Objective:To appraise the equity of health resources allocation among different provinces and the different regions (eastern, middle and western) in China,according to which an optimized health resources allocation policy could be made. Methods: The equity indexes of sanitary institution,bed number,and health technician among different provinces were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the Lorenz curve,and Gini coefficient in a population distribution perspective. Results:Health re-sources were mainly allocated in the eastern region of China which enjoyed higher economic development and population den-sity. Gini coefficients of 3 above-mentioned indexes were 0.247,0.172 and 0.213 respectively. All the indexes were under 0.3. Conclusion:The health resources allocation in China were quantitively equal in the population. The policy guidance on the al-location of health resources should emphasize optimizes the resources’ allocation structure,promoting the efficiency and quali-ty of health service.