中国工程科学
中國工程科學
중국공정과학
ENGINEERING SCIENCE
2013年
3期
26-32
,共7页
辽河流域%六价铬%无机汞%应急水质标准%风险指示生物
遼河流域%六價鉻%無機汞%應急水質標準%風險指示生物
료하류역%륙개락%무궤홍%응급수질표준%풍험지시생물
Liaohe River basin%Cr6+%Hg2+%emergency water quality standards%risk indicators
针对辽河流域的特征污染物六价铬和无机汞,广泛搜集、筛选了水生生物的急性毒性数据,对国际物种敏感度分布(SSD)主流方法的基准计算结果进行了评价.基于评价结果,以澳大利亚和新西兰的SSD技术为基础,初步建立了综合的应急水质标准方法学.将受污染物暴露胁迫的水生生物比例达到5%、15%、30%和50%时对应的生态风险级别分别设定为I级、II级、III级和IV级,且对应于4级应急水质标准.推算了六价铬和无机汞的辽河流域应急水质标准限值,提出了相应的流域风险指示生物.结果表明,六价铬的4级应急水质标准分别为2.85μg/L、21.0μg/L、161μg/L和797μg/L,风险指示生物为溞类(II级)、青虾(III级)和鳙鱼或蝌蚪(IV级);无机汞的4级应急水质标准分别为0.59μg/L、2.32μg/L、6.25μg/L和15.6μg/L,风险指示生物为鲫鱼或溞类(II级)、青虾(III级)、水丝蚓或蟹类(IV级),为突发性水环境污染事故风险分析提供了参考.
針對遼河流域的特徵汙染物六價鉻和無機汞,廣汎搜集、篩選瞭水生生物的急性毒性數據,對國際物種敏感度分佈(SSD)主流方法的基準計算結果進行瞭評價.基于評價結果,以澳大利亞和新西蘭的SSD技術為基礎,初步建立瞭綜閤的應急水質標準方法學.將受汙染物暴露脅迫的水生生物比例達到5%、15%、30%和50%時對應的生態風險級彆分彆設定為I級、II級、III級和IV級,且對應于4級應急水質標準.推算瞭六價鉻和無機汞的遼河流域應急水質標準限值,提齣瞭相應的流域風險指示生物.結果錶明,六價鉻的4級應急水質標準分彆為2.85μg/L、21.0μg/L、161μg/L和797μg/L,風險指示生物為溞類(II級)、青蝦(III級)和鳙魚或蝌蚪(IV級);無機汞的4級應急水質標準分彆為0.59μg/L、2.32μg/L、6.25μg/L和15.6μg/L,風險指示生物為鯽魚或溞類(II級)、青蝦(III級)、水絲蚓或蟹類(IV級),為突髮性水環境汙染事故風險分析提供瞭參攷.
침대료하류역적특정오염물륙개락화무궤홍,엄범수집、사선료수생생물적급성독성수거,대국제물충민감도분포(SSD)주류방법적기준계산결과진행료평개.기우평개결과,이오대리아화신서란적SSD기술위기출,초보건립료종합적응급수질표준방법학.장수오염물폭로협박적수생생물비례체도5%、15%、30%화50%시대응적생태풍험급별분별설정위I급、II급、III급화IV급,차대응우4급응급수질표준.추산료륙개락화무궤홍적료하류역응급수질표준한치,제출료상응적류역풍험지시생물.결과표명,륙개락적4급응급수질표준분별위2.85μg/L、21.0μg/L、161μg/L화797μg/L,풍험지시생물위소류(II급)、청하(III급)화용어혹과두(IV급);무궤홍적4급응급수질표준분별위0.59μg/L、2.32μg/L、6.25μg/L화15.6μg/L,풍험지시생물위즉어혹소류(II급)、청하(III급)、수사인혹해류(IV급),위돌발성수배경오염사고풍험분석제공료삼고.
The acute toxicity data of Cr6+ and Hg2+ to the aquatic organisms in Liaohe River basin was collected and screened. Calculated results of criteria values of international species sensitivity distribution(SSD) methods were evaluated through data analysis. The comprehensive methodologies of emergency water quality standard(WQS)were established based on the SSD method of Australia and New Zealand according to the eval-uation results. The affected fractions of the aquatic organisms was set to be 5%,15%,30%and 50%,corre-sponding to the risk grades of I,II,III and IV,and four-grade emergency WQS,respectively. The emergency WQS for Cr6+and Hg2+in the Liao River basin were derived and the corresponding risk indicators were also proposed. The results showed that the four-grade emergency WQSs for Cr6+were 2.85μg/L,21.0μg/L,161μg/Land 797μg/L, respectively,and the risk indicators were daphnia(grade II),shrimp(grade III),and the bighead fish or tadpole (grade IV). The four-grade emergency WQSs for Hg2+were 0.59μg/L,2.32μg/L,6.25μg/L and 15.6μg/L, respectively,and the risk indicators were crucian carp or daphnia(grade II),shrimp(grade III),and worm or crab(grade IV). The results provide valuable information for the risk analysis of emergency ambient water envi-ronmental pollution accident.
