CAJ | 학술논문

近年来,我国粮食单产和总产虽然一直在增加,但单位肥料的粮食增产率却在急剧下降,农业生产中的单产水平远低于示范产量.为了探索提高单产水平的科学措施和方法,应用新的施肥理论研究结果,对我国1978年以来粮食单产的增加规律及其影响因素进行了研究分析,结果表明,我国粮食单产呈阶梯式阶段性增加规律,它是施肥量阶段增加推动下作物品种更新的结果.耐肥性和肥料利用效率是作物品种的基本特性,作物最高产量是作物品种特性在合理施肥条件下的表现形式.而要实现品种高产潜力水平下的持续增加,应采取的关键措施就是调整氮磷施用比例,增加肥料施用中磷肥的施用量,同时提高农作物种植密度.从长远来看,应把依靠新的施肥技术在不同土壤肥力水平上进行平衡施肥育种,作为我国实现持续增产的主攻方向
근년래,아국양식단산화총산수연일직재증가,단단위비료적양식증산솔각재급극하강,농업생산중적단산수평원저우시범산량.위료탐색제고단산수평적과학조시화방법,응용신적시비이론연구결과,대아국1978년이래양식단산적증가규률급기영향인소진행료연구분석,결과표명,아국양식단산정계제식계단성증가규률,타시시비량계단증가추동하작물품충경신적결과.내비성화비료이용효솔시작물품충적기본특성,작물최고산량시작물품충특성재합리시비조건하적표현형식.이요실현품충고산잠력수평하적지속증가,응채취적관건조시취시조정담린시용비례,증가비료시용중린비적시용량,동시제고농작물충식밀도.종장원래간,응파의고신적시비기술재불동토양비력수평상진행평형시비육충,작위아국실현지속증산적주공방향
@@@@Recently,although the unit grain yield and total grain output in China have been increasing,the grain yield increasing rate under unit fertilizer is dropping sharply. The level of unit production is far below that in demonstration cropland. In order to explore the scientific measures and methods for improving level of unit yield,and to apply research findings of new fertilization theory,this paper analyzes the rule for increasing grain unit yield the influencing factors since 1978. The result indicates that the grain unit yield is increased step by step,which promotes crop varietys update through increasing the applying quantity of fertilizer step by step. Fertilizer tolerance and fertilizer utilization efficiency are the basic characteristics of crop variety. The highest yield is an expressing form of crop variety characteristics under suitable fertilization. To realize the sustainable increasing of yield,key measures are to adjust the applying ratio between nitrogen and phosphorus,to increase the phosphorus applying quantity,and to increase crop planting density at the same time. From the long run,we should use new fertilizer applying technology and balance fertilization in soils with different fertilizer levels,which are the orientation for us to realize sustainables grain yield increasing.