大坝与安全
大壩與安全
대패여안전
LARGE DAM & SAFETY
2013年
2期
4-11
,共8页
溃坝根源%团队工作%潜在溃坝模式分析%风险因素%定性风险评鉴%风险管理
潰壩根源%糰隊工作%潛在潰壩模式分析%風險因素%定性風險評鑒%風險管理
궤패근원%단대공작%잠재궤패모식분석%풍험인소%정성풍험평감%풍험관리
root cause of dam failure%teamwork%potential failure mode analysis (PFMA)%risk factor%qualitative risk assessment%risk management
汲取世界各地过去溃坝教训引以为鉴,采取最佳方法探究溃坝根源,不再重蹈覆辙,这是当今坝安工作者的后发优势.美国联邦水坝安全机构已采用潜在溃坝模式分析(PFMA)方法,作为一种新的有效的水坝安全评估和管理工具,侦查溃坝风险因素,防微杜渐,防患于未然.为识别和分类潜在溃坝模式,需要组织一个核心团队,执行团队工作,包括现场调查、资料审查、个人的判断、定性风险评估和评鉴以及成员通过脑力激荡会议形成普遍共识的基础并提出对策.一般来说,PFMA过程本身从狭义上讲是一种风险技术分析工具,但从广义上讲又是一种风险管理工具.因此,当务之急是采取具体行动,发展应用PFMA,配合目前的“除险加固”坝安政策,以实现塑造未来可持续水坝安全的保证.
伋取世界各地過去潰壩教訓引以為鑒,採取最佳方法探究潰壩根源,不再重蹈覆轍,這是噹今壩安工作者的後髮優勢.美國聯邦水壩安全機構已採用潛在潰壩模式分析(PFMA)方法,作為一種新的有效的水壩安全評估和管理工具,偵查潰壩風險因素,防微杜漸,防患于未然.為識彆和分類潛在潰壩模式,需要組織一箇覈心糰隊,執行糰隊工作,包括現場調查、資料審查、箇人的判斷、定性風險評估和評鑒以及成員通過腦力激盪會議形成普遍共識的基礎併提齣對策.一般來說,PFMA過程本身從狹義上講是一種風險技術分析工具,但從廣義上講又是一種風險管理工具.因此,噹務之急是採取具體行動,髮展應用PFMA,配閤目前的“除險加固”壩安政策,以實現塑造未來可持續水壩安全的保證.
급취세계각지과거궤패교훈인이위감,채취최가방법탐구궤패근원,불재중도복철,저시당금패안공작자적후발우세.미국련방수패안전궤구이채용잠재궤패모식분석(PFMA)방법,작위일충신적유효적수패안전평고화관리공구,정사궤패풍험인소,방미두점,방환우미연.위식별화분류잠재궤패모식,수요조직일개핵심단대,집행단대공작,포괄현장조사、자료심사、개인적판단、정성풍험평고화평감이급성원통과뇌력격탕회의형성보편공식적기출병제출대책.일반래설,PFMA과정본신종협의상강시일충풍험기술분석공구,단종엄의상강우시일충풍험관리공구.인차,당무지급시채취구체행동,발전응용PFMA,배합목전적“제험가고”패안정책,이실현소조미래가지속수패안전적보증.
The best way to learn lessons from worldwide dam failure cases has revealed investigating and exploring their root causes and vigilantly avoiding duplicating those same mistakes. This approach has driven modern dam safety practitioners to look into the potential failure modes of dams. US federal dam safety programs have employed the potential failure mode analysis (PFMA) methodology, a new ef?fective dam safety performance evaluation/management means, to detect risk factors to prevent the devel?opment of dam failure mechanisms. As an exercise in teamwork, the identified and categorized potential failure modes are based on project site investigations, available project information review, individual judgement, qualitative risk evaluation/assessment, and a general consensus by the core team members through brainstorming. As a result, appropriate remedial strategies and/or risk reduction measures are recommended. Generally speaking, the PFMA process itself is not only a technical risk analysis tool in a narrow sense, but also a risk management tool in a broad sense for assuring dam safety. Therefore, with?out hesitation it is time to take the concrete action of developing and implementing the PFMA process with the prevailing"risk reduction to enhance safety policy"to shape the future of sustainable dam safety assurance.
