河南科学
河南科學
하남과학
HENAN SCIENCE
2013年
1期
58-61
,共4页
冬小麦%光温水条件%生态条件%错位关系%影响
鼕小麥%光溫水條件%生態條件%錯位關繫%影響
동소맥%광온수조건%생태조건%착위관계%영향
winter wheat%light warm water conditions%ecological conditions%relationship between dislocation%influence
利用驻马店市和新乡市1971年—2007年气象观测资料和1981年以来的冬小麦观测资料,运用农业气象统计学和气象统计学原理,分析驻马店市小麦生长季内自然生态条件特点和作物生育需求,通过与新乡比较,寻找出驻马店市冬小麦各生育阶段的生态限制因子:①冬前、越冬期和春季温度偏高,对小麦安全越冬和小麦多成穗、成大穗十分不利.②播种期强降水偏多,影响小麦顺利播种;苗期降水相对偏少,对小麦分蘖和生根不利;越冬期和返青到抽穗期降水偏多,十分有利于小麦生长;但开花到成熟期降水偏多,对小麦开花授粉和灌浆鼓粒都会产生不利影响.③小麦全生育期日照时数偏少,对于长日照作物的小麦来说极为不利.尤其是从小麦开花到成熟期,日照严重偏少,直接影响小麦的结实粒数和千粒重.④以上不利气象因素导致驻马店市小麦穗数和穗粒数较少,不孕小穗数较多,单穗籽粒重和千粒重均较低.
利用駐馬店市和新鄉市1971年—2007年氣象觀測資料和1981年以來的鼕小麥觀測資料,運用農業氣象統計學和氣象統計學原理,分析駐馬店市小麥生長季內自然生態條件特點和作物生育需求,通過與新鄉比較,尋找齣駐馬店市鼕小麥各生育階段的生態限製因子:①鼕前、越鼕期和春季溫度偏高,對小麥安全越鼕和小麥多成穗、成大穗十分不利.②播種期彊降水偏多,影響小麥順利播種;苗期降水相對偏少,對小麥分蘗和生根不利;越鼕期和返青到抽穗期降水偏多,十分有利于小麥生長;但開花到成熟期降水偏多,對小麥開花授粉和灌漿鼓粒都會產生不利影響.③小麥全生育期日照時數偏少,對于長日照作物的小麥來說極為不利.尤其是從小麥開花到成熟期,日照嚴重偏少,直接影響小麥的結實粒數和韆粒重.④以上不利氣象因素導緻駐馬店市小麥穗數和穗粒數較少,不孕小穗數較多,單穗籽粒重和韆粒重均較低.
이용주마점시화신향시1971년—2007년기상관측자료화1981년이래적동소맥관측자료,운용농업기상통계학화기상통계학원리,분석주마점시소맥생장계내자연생태조건특점화작물생육수구,통과여신향비교,심조출주마점시동소맥각생육계단적생태한제인자:①동전、월동기화춘계온도편고,대소맥안전월동화소맥다성수、성대수십분불리.②파충기강강수편다,영향소맥순리파충;묘기강수상대편소,대소맥분얼화생근불리;월동기화반청도추수기강수편다,십분유리우소맥생장;단개화도성숙기강수편다,대소맥개화수분화관장고립도회산생불리영향.③소맥전생육기일조시수편소,대우장일조작물적소맥래설겁위불리.우기시종소맥개화도성숙기,일조엄중편소,직접영향소맥적결실립수화천립중.④이상불리기상인소도치주마점시소맥수수화수립수교소,불잉소수수교다,단수자립중화천립중균교저.
@@@@On the basis of climate data of Zhumadian and Xinxiang in past 37 years(1971—2007) and winter wheat growth data since 1981,using agro-meteorological statistics and meteorological statistical principles,the natural ecological condition characters and crop fertility needs of Zhumadian wheat in growing season are analyzed,to find out the wheat growth stages of ecological limiting factor by compared with northern Henan.①The temperature before winter,in wintering period and spring is high,which is very adverse to the safety of wheat over-wintering and spike formation. ②Heavy precipitation in sowing period might affect sowing wheat seeds;Less precipitation in seedling stage is very adverse to wheat tillering and rooting;More rainfall in the period of wintering and returning to heading stage is very conducive to the growth of wheat;However,more precipitation in flowering and mature stage would adversely affect on wheat blossom pollination and grouting filling. ③The sunshine hours during the whole growing period are less,which is bad to the long-day crop wheat. Especially in flowering and mature stage,severely less sunshine would directly affect the grain number and grain weight. ④The above adverse meteorological factors of Zhumadian,lead to less wheat spikelet number and grain number per spike,more sterile spikelet,and lower grain weight and dry weight.
