CAJ | 학술논문

为了深入了解当前陕西省农作物秸秆资源的时空分布、综合利用现状及其影响机制,该文基于《陕西统计年鉴2010》和实地调查数据,对当前陕西作物秸秆资源的时空分布特征和当前的利用现状进行了分析,并通过建立数学模型的方法,对秸秆综合利用的形成机制进行了探讨.结果表明:1978-2009年间,陕西作物秸秆产量总体上呈缓慢上升趋势,至2009年达到1682.24万t;高产地区主要分布在关中和陕北地区;小麦、玉米和其他谷类是作物秸秆的主要来源.受地域特点、传统习惯和经济水平等因素的影响,关中、陕南和陕北3个地区在作物秸秆利用方式上存在较大差异.模型研究表明,农户个人特征与主观认识、客观环境、政府禁烧查处力度以及地域状况等因素是决定农户秸秆综合利用行为的主要因素.该研究对于促进中国农作物秸秆的资源化利用具有较明显的现实意义.
위료심입료해당전합서성농작물갈간자원적시공분포、종합이용현상급기영향궤제,해문기우《협서통계년감2010》화실지조사수거,대당전협서작물갈간자원적시공분포특정화당전적이용현상진행료분석,병통과건립수학모형적방법,대갈간종합이용적형성궤제진행료탐토.결과표명:1978-2009년간,협서작물갈간산량총체상정완만상승추세,지2009년체도1682.24만t;고산지구주요분포재관중화협북지구;소맥、옥미화기타곡류시작물갈간적주요래원.수지역특점、전통습관화경제수평등인소적영향,관중、협남화협북3개지구재작물갈간이용방식상존재교대차이.모형연구표명,농호개인특정여주관인식、객관배경、정부금소사처력도이급지역상황등인소시결정농호갈간종합이용행위적주요인소.해연구대우촉진중국농작물갈간적자원화이용구유교명현적현실의의.
The crop straw as a kind of renewable biological resource is of high utilization value. In order to make full use of crop straws, it is necessary to analyze the distribution, current utilization situation and factors influencing straw resource utilization efficiency. Based on the data from the Shaanxi Statistical Yearbook 2010, the yield of crop straw from 1978 to 2009 in Shaanxi province and its variation tendency were determined, and its distribution characteristics in Shaanxi province in 2009 were analyzed with ArcVIEW 3.3 software. Moreover, through in-site investigation, the crop straw utilization in Shaanxi province in 2009 was also discussed. A Logistic model based on the data obtained from in-sites investigation was established to investigate factors affecting the utilization efficiency of crop straws. The results revealed that, from 1978 to 2009, the total crop straw yield in Shaanxi province presented a slowly rising trend, which had reached 16.8224 million tons by 2009. The main sources of crop straws were wheat, maize and other cereal crops, accounting for 90%. Guanzhong area and Northern Shaanxi area contributed most to the high yield. In Guanzhong area, crop straws from wheat and maize amounted to 85%of its total. In Northern Shaanxi, the proportion of crop straws deriving from maize straw and other cereal exceeded 60%. The distribution was closely related to local crop cultivation structure. The straw utilization patterns varied greatly in Guanzhong area, Northern Shaanxi and Southern Shaanxi. In Southern and Northern Shaanxi, crop straws were mainly used as fuels and forages, which took up 68.20%, 60.33%and 28.49%, 38.63%, respectively. Whilst in Guanzhong area, 12.82%of straws were burned directly in the field, 57.49%were taken back home as fuels, and 17.52%were returned to the field as organic fertilizer. It could be found that the comprehensive utilization of crop straws in Shaanxi province is less efficient, this is attributed to the geographical features, local customs and economic development levels. Mathematical model was applied to analyze the mechanism of present situation of crop residue utilization. The results showed that the induced variables were significantly affected by the sex, literacy level, revenue structure, whether there are village cadres or not, whether there are livestock breeding or not, awareness of straw usage, anticipated benefits for straw comprehensive utilization, whether there are processing enterprises or recycling companies, the availability of feasible technology for straw utilization, local agricultural mechanization level, governmental efforts for banning straw burning and punishment, and the geographic features. It indicates that the governmental policies, technology level, geographic features, famer’s economic level and individual willingness are the main factors affecting the straw utilization patterns. In order to improve the crop straw utilization efficiency and reduce environmental pollution in Shaanxi, it is quite necessary to take geological features and famers’present economic condition into account, provide policy and technological guidance and enhance farmers’awareness for comprehensive utilization.