CAJ | 학술논문

工作记忆和长时记忆共享记忆系统的信息表征网络,关系密切.实验采用事件相关电位技术记录长时记忆信息对工作记忆的长时语义启动和工作记忆对相关长时记忆信息的长时语义启动.结果显示:与新项目相比,学习项(即长时记忆信息)对工作记忆的目标信息产生了明显的行为启动效应, N2潜伏期、波幅和 P3潜伏期也表现出明显的神经启动效应,即,学习项比新项目的反应时更短、N2和 P3的潜伏期更短、N2更正,但学习对非记忆项的影响不大;工作记忆对相关的长时记忆信息也产生了神经启动,表现在类别比较任务中记忆类信息比其他信息(即,与工作记忆任务中的信息无关的内容)的 N400更正.而且,这种神经启动也会因刺激重复次数的增多而降低:与新项目相比,学习项会使与之语义类似信息的 N400更负.上述两种长时语义启动的存在及其 ERPs 的神经启动均为长时记忆和工作记忆使用共同信息表征的观点提供了证据支持.证据还表明,在工作记忆和长时记忆的相互作用中注意是关键的调节因素.
공작기억화장시기억공향기억계통적신식표정망락,관계밀절.실험채용사건상관전위기술기록장시기억신식대공작기억적장시어의계동화공작기억대상관장시기억신식적장시어의계동.결과현시:여신항목상비,학습항(즉장시기억신식)대공작기억적목표신식산생료명현적행위계동효응, N2잠복기、파폭화 P3잠복기야표현출명현적신경계동효응,즉,학습항비신항목적반응시경단、N2화 P3적잠복기경단、N2경정,단학습대비기억항적영향불대;공작기억대상관적장시기억신식야산생료신경계동,표현재유별비교임무중기억류신식비기타신식(즉,여공작기억임무중적신식무관적내용)적 N400경정.이차,저충신경계동야회인자격중복차수적증다이강저:여신항목상비,학습항회사여지어의유사신식적 N400경부.상술량충장시어의계동적존재급기 ERPs 적신경계동균위장시기억화공작기억사용공동신식표정적관점제공료증거지지.증거환표명,재공작기억화장시기억적상호작용중주의시관건적조절인소.
@@@@Human memory can be characterized as an elaborate network of stored representations. Researchers propose that both working memory (WM) and long-term memory (LTM) utilize same representations, and the representations they activate are in diverse patterns. So the similarity and coherence between WM and LTM are emphasized in the activation-based model, and the priming effect of LTM on WM and vice versa should be both found. By simultaneously recording event-related potentials (ERPs), the present study aimed to investigate two long-term semantic priming effects to illustrate the common representations involved in WM and LTM. @@@@Fifteen college students (mean age=20.33±1.91; 7 male) participated in the experiment. The participants were all right-hand, had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and had no neurological or psychological disorders. Each participant signed a consent form prior to experiment and was paid after experiment. We combined a WM component (short-term verbal encoding) and a LTM component (category comparison) into one task, so that WM and LTM processing could be concurrently investigated. LTM priming on WM was manipulated by asking participants to learn before short-term verbal encoding, and the priming effect of WM on related LTM should be found in category comparison. @@@@Results revealed two long-term semantic priming effects in behavior data and ERPs. The first effect was found in short-term encoding phase, which was reflected as the priming of LTM on WM. Compared with new targets in WM, the reaction time of studied targets was shorter. They elicitedearlier N2 and P3, and they also decreased N2 amplitude. These may index the so-called neural priming (or repetition suppression) of scalp potentials. However, there was no difference between new and studied distractors in WM. Furthermore, the neural priming of WM on LTM also exhibited in category comparison. Specific contents, which were formerly concerned or ignored in short-term encoding phase, led relevant representations of LTM to diverse activation patterns. N400 elicited by target category (items in which were the same category as the targets in short-term encoding phase)was more positive than that of unprimed category, which also index the neural priming of scalp potentials. But this neural priming was modulated by repetation, that is, when target category was relevant to studied targets rather than new ones, the N400 would be more negative. @@@@Results indicate that common representations are used both in WM and in LTM, supporting the activation-based model. Furthermore, these results point to the key role of attention as a modulator in the linkage between WM and LTM.