CAJ | 학술논문

该文针对目前扇贝捕捞网具捕捞效率低及耗能大等问题,通过对獐子岛集团股份有限公司3 a龄虾夷扇贝(Patinopecten yessoensis)底播养殖海域海底状况与网具捕捞效果的调研,提出了虾夷扇贝捕捞网具的改进措施,并在辽长渔养15021号扇贝采捕船上进行了2个阶段海上生产对比试验,得出以下结论:第一阶段在原生产网具的基础上,安装扭簧式弹性拨贝齿及增大网目等措施,在拖网航速为4kn时,改造后网具单网平均捕捞量较生产网具提高了36.5%,扇贝破损量降低了49.4%,泥沙量降低了21.9%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了27.8%.第二阶段改造网具在第一阶段的基础上,增大网口扫海面积,并且将网身改为“宽口窄尾”结构,添加一道网口链及辅网衣,并加装主网拐雪橇板、拐前拨贝齿及网底托架小车,在拖网航速为4kn时,单网捕捞量较第一阶段改造网具提高了102%,扇贝碎贝量降低了161%,泥沙量降低了209%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了24.6%;而较原生产网具单网平均捕捞量提高了200%,扇贝破损量降低了236%,泥沙量降低了296%,单位捕捞耗油量降低了45.6%.由此说明新型虾夷扇贝捕捞网具具有高效、节能和低生态等特点,推广应用前景广阔.
해문침대목전선패포로망구포로효솔저급모능대등문제,통과대장자도집단고빈유한공사3 a령하이선패(Patinopecten yessoensis)저파양식해역해저상황여망구포로효과적조연,제출료하이선패포로망구적개진조시,병재료장어양15021호선패채포선상진행료2개계단해상생산대비시험,득출이하결론:제일계단재원생산망구적기출상,안장뉴황식탄성발패치급증대망목등조시,재타망항속위4kn시,개조후망구단망평균포로량교생산망구제고료36.5%,선패파손량강저료49.4%,니사량강저료21.9%,단위포로모유량강저료27.8%.제이계단개조망구재제일계단적기출상,증대망구소해면적,병차장망신개위“관구착미”결구,첨가일도망구련급보망의,병가장주망괴설취판、괴전발패치급망저탁가소차,재타망항속위4kn시,단망포로량교제일계단개조망구제고료102%,선패쇄패량강저료161%,니사량강저료209%,단위포로모유량강저료24.6%;이교원생산망구단망평균포로량제고료200%,선패파손량강저료236%,니사량강저료296%,단위포로모유량강저료45.6%.유차설명신형하이선패포로망구구유고효、절능화저생태등특점,추엄응용전경엄활.
@@@@By analyzing and investigating the bottom condition of a mariculture area, distribution of Patinopecten yessoensis and fishing effects of gear in the Dalian Zhangzidao Group Company, a new type of high efficiency and energy-saving fishing gear was designed and improved. In order to prove that its structure is reasonable, two phases compared tests were executed in Liao Chang Yu Yang 15021. @@@@There were two phases for the fishing gear design and improvement. In the first phase, based on the original fishing gear, multi-strand steel dredge was replaced by a spring loaded scallop toothed dredge. The external netting was made by high strength polyethylene ropes with a diameter of 5mm and installed with 10 rigid plastic floats of 120mm diameter. Meanwhile the mesh of the external netting was increased from 70mm to 75mm. Based on the first phase, the netting port cover area was increased. The gear frame was installed with a gear port chain, main gear crutch toothed dredge and sled. Middle netting was added between the external netting and the bottom netting. External netting was installed with 20 rigid plastic floats of 120mm diameter, arranged in two rows. In order to reduce the gear’s weight, the fishing gear was designed with a wide head and narrow end. A pedestal car was installed in the bottom netting to reduce trawling resistance. @@@@According to two-phase improvement processes, two contrast tests were performed correspondingly. The original and the first improved fishing gears were used in the first phase test, the first and the second improved fishing gears were used in the second phase test. Each phase test lasted 10 days, and was conducted in 10 different sea areas (the bottom of the test mariculture area is sediment). Twice trawling in the same sea area of each day, two fishing gears were trawled per time, with the trawling speed being 4 kn, the trawling distance at 1nm per time, and the trawling track being different. After the trawling, the amount of scallops caught and broken and the contents of sediment were collected and recorded from each fishing gear. After several contrast tests, researchers obtained the following results. Compared to the old fishing gear, the first improved fishing gear increased average amount of fishing 36.5%, decreased breakage rates of scallops 49.4%, decreased contents of sediment 21.9%, and reduced fuel consumption per unit of trawling from 85.03 L/t to 61.41 L/t. Compared to the first improved fishing gear, the second improved fishing gear increased the average amount of fishing 102%, decreased breakage rates of scallops 161%, decreased contents of sediment 209%, and reduced fuel consumption per unit of trawling from 61.41 L/t to 46.28 L/t. The above results indicate that the improved fishing gear significantly reduces the energy consumption and increases the amount of fishing scallops, which have good prospects in application.