CAJ | 학술논문

降雨是土壤侵蚀的主要动力因子,侵蚀性降雨标准的获取是计算降雨侵蚀力的重要环节;目前,红壤区侵蚀性降雨标准不一致,需要进一步研究.利用2001—2009年的1359场降雨数据,对赣北第四纪红壤区不同下垫面的侵蚀性降雨标准进行研究,得出结论如下:1)不同下垫面满足拟定侵蚀性降雨标准的数据序列长度存在明显差异,满足拟定侵蚀性降雨标准的数据序列长度可以反映水土保持措施从实施到发挥稳定效益所需的年限;2)具有水土保持措施的下垫面能够有效提高侵蚀性雨量标准,柑橘+前埂后沟梯壁植草水平梯田的第5小区侵蚀性雨量标准为16.2 mm,比地表裸露小区的11.4 mm提高42.1%;3)对于没有水土保持措施或稳定性高的水土保持措施下垫面,宜采用时段侵蚀性雨强标准;对于稳定性低的水土保持措施下垫面,宜采用侵蚀性雨量标准.该研究为区域水土保持规划提供参考.
강우시토양침식적주요동력인자,침식성강우표준적획취시계산강우침식력적중요배절;목전,홍양구침식성강우표준불일치,수요진일보연구.이용2001—2009년적1359장강우수거,대공북제사기홍양구불동하점면적침식성강우표준진행연구,득출결론여하:1)불동하점면만족의정침식성강우표준적수거서렬장도존재명현차이,만족의정침식성강우표준적수거서렬장도가이반영수토보지조시종실시도발휘은정효익소수적년한;2)구유수토보지조시적하점면능구유효제고침식성우량표준,감귤+전경후구제벽식초수평제전적제5소구침식성우량표준위16.2 mm,비지표라로소구적11.4 mm제고42.1%;3)대우몰유수토보지조시혹은정성고적수토보지조시하점면,의채용시단침식성우강표준;대우은정성저적수토보지조시하점면,의채용침식성우량표준.해연구위구역수토보지규화제공삼고.
Rainfall is regarded as one of the principal dynamic factors of soil erosion. The attainment of an erosive rainfall standard is acknowledged as the essential part in calculating rainfall erosivity. At present, results of research for an erosive rainfall standard are diverse in the red soil area. Hence, it deserves to be studied to a further extent. On the basis of the observation of runoff plots, the standard of erosive rainfall was comparatively analyzed under different soil and water conservation measures employing five types of underlying surface in the Quatenary red earth area of Northern Jiangxi province, including bare surface, citrus with cross-slope cultivation, citrus with clean cultivation, citrus with bahia grass covering, citrus with bench terrace with grass planted on the wall and mound before but ditch behind. Viewing it from the perspective of energy, this study sought for the standard amount of erosive rainfall with the indicator of EI30 and the standard intensity of erosive rainfall with the indicators of EI10、EI20、EI30、EI45、EI60 with reference to the rainfall amount and intensity of 1359 times during the period of 2001-2009 and the corresponding data of runoff and sediment observed on the condition of different soil and water conservation measures with five above-mentioned types of underlying surface. Compared with slope lands of bare surface and citrus with clean cultivation as a control, the study elaborated the feature of an erosive rainfall standard for citrus with soil and water conservation measures. The results of this study were intended to reveal the reduction mechanisms of runoff and sediment for red-soil slop lands under soil and water conservation measures, to provide a data basis for the enhancement of the local forecast accuracy for soil erosion and water loss and to supply scientific evidence for regional soil and water conservation planning at the same time. The conclusions of the study can be drawn as follows:1) There were significant discrepancies in the length of the data sequence of different underlying surface when satisfying the proposed standard of erosive rainfall and the length of data sequence satisfying the proposed erosive rainfall standard is capable of revealing the time period which was required from the implementation of soil and water conservation measures to its production of stable benefits; 2) The underlying surface with soil and water conservation measures is effective enough to raise the amount standard of erosive rainfall, illustrating like the standard amount of erosive rainfall observed from the fifth plot employing citrus and bench terrace with grass planted on the wall and mound before but ditch behind was 16.2 mm, increasing 42.1% in comparison with the standard amount of erosive rainfall of 11.4 mm observed from the bare surface plot; 3) It is advisable to apply a standard intensity of erosive rainfall to the underlying surface with a high stability or without soil and water conservation measures, while with regard to those underlying surface with low stability, the standard amount of erosive rainfall is considered to be more suitable to employ. The results of this study may provide a reference for the planning of soil and water conservation in Quaternary Red soil area.