CAJ | 학술논문

耕地质量是国家经济和社会可持续发展的关键因素,气候变化引起的耕地质量变化已成为全球变化研究的热点问题之一.该文以我国北方典型半干旱气候敏感区武川县为例,利用1989—2009年历史气候数据和土地利用资料,研究了气候变化对生产潜力、标准耕作制度和产量的影响,在此基础上进一步研究了武川县耕地自然质量等指数和土地利用等指数的变化情况.结果表明:武川县气候呈显著干暖化趋势,在其影响下,武川县耕地自然质量等指数呈下降趋势,水分是制约自然质量等指数的关键因素;旱地土地利用等指数呈下降趋势,水浇地土地利用等指数则呈上升趋势.该研究能够为气候变化背景下制定土地利用制度,保护和提高耕地质量提供科学依据.
경지질량시국가경제화사회가지속발전적관건인소,기후변화인기적경지질량변화이성위전구변화연구적열점문제지일.해문이아국북방전형반간한기후민감구무천현위례,이용1989—2009년역사기후수거화토지이용자료,연구료기후변화대생산잠력、표준경작제도화산량적영향,재차기출상진일보연구료무천현경지자연질량등지수화토지이용등지수적변화정황.결과표명:무천현기후정현저간난화추세,재기영향하,무천현경지자연질량등지수정하강추세,수분시제약자연질량등지수적관건인소;한지토지이용등지수정하강추세,수요지토지이용등지수칙정상승추세.해연구능구위기후변화배경하제정토지이용제도,보호화제고경지질량제공과학의거.
Cultivated land quality is a key factor of national economic and social sustainable development. The change of cultivated land quality with climate change has become one of the hot research areas in global change in recent years. Based on the meteorological data, soil information and field experimental data were used, utilizing the Wageninngen method recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to calculate the potential productivity of potato and spring wheat from 1989 to 2009 in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia, a typical semi-arid climate-sensitive area in North China. We examined the influence of climate change on production potential, the standard cropping system, and the yield. Further, by the method of regulations of Farmland classification, we used the data of potential productivity and land use to analyze the changes of natural quality grades and utilization grades under climate change. The results showed that:(1) The annual temperature of Wuchuan County increased at an average rate of 0.57℃/10a during 1967-2009. The precipitation varied greatly among the years, and the annual precipitation declined slightly over time. The soil relative humidity in soil layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth in crop growing season (April-September) in the period 1989-2009 had a decreasing trend with an average rate of 1.8%/a and 1.5%/a, respectively. Drought index increased noticeably. In conclusion, Wuchuan County was getting warmer and dryer under climate change. (2) Most of the cultivated lands were the dry lands in Wuchuan county (accounting for more than 90%), but the irrigated lands increased in recent years. The main crop in Wuchuan county was potatoes in 2009 instead of spring wheat in 1989. The planting area of potatoes increased from 8.4%to 39.8%, while spring wheat planting area decreasing from 52.1%to 17.1%in the period 1989-2009. (3) The production potential of the potatoes and spring wheat showed a declining trend under the dry warming climate in Wuchuan county. The production potential of potatoes decreased more obviously than spring wheat. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the production potential of potatoes and spring wheat. The natural quality grade index of dry land and irrigated land in the period 1989-2009 had anobviously decreasing trend with an average rate of 2.1/a and 0.5/a, respectively. The natural quality index of irrigated land was significantly higher than that of dry land. The dry land utilization grade index showed a descending trend, but the irrigated land utilization grade index showed a rising trend. The utilization grade index of the irrigated land was also significantly higher than that of the dry land, and the influence of climate change in the dry land was greater than in the irrigated land. However, the effect of land utilization by human activities in the irrigated land was greater. Therefore, as a comparative system between dry land quality and irrigated land quality, water is the major constraint to the cultivated land quality grade. This research can provide the scientific basis for formulation of the land-use system, protection and improvement of the quality of cultivated land under the background of climate change.