灾害学
災害學
재해학
JOURNAL OF CATASTROPHOLOGY
2015年
1期
96-101
,共6页
耿焕同%吴正雪%计浩军%陈华
耿煥同%吳正雪%計浩軍%陳華
경환동%오정설%계호군%진화
暴雨积涝%风险区划%风险评估%GIS%上海嘉定区
暴雨積澇%風險區劃%風險評估%GIS%上海嘉定區
폭우적로%풍험구화%풍험평고%GIS%상해가정구
flood%risk zonation%risk assessment%GIS%Jiading Distirct of Shanghai
根据2006-2012年上海嘉定区9个气象站点的小时降水资料,结合嘉定区的社会经济与自然地理要素,构建一个集致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体及防灾减灾能力为一体的区域暴雨积涝风险评价模型。通过GIS技术实现各指标的栅格化,并利用指数模型对各因子基于500 m ×500 m栅格的基本单元进行计算,编制嘉定区的暴雨积涝灾害风险区划图,构成嘉定区五个等级的风险,分别为高、次高、中等、次低和低。区划结果表明嘉定区的暴雨积涝灾害危险性指数从中心向外围成递减的趋势,且嘉定镇、新城和工业南区相对风险较高,华亭、徐行、南航和江桥风险相对较低。经嘉定区历年暴雨积涝灾情资料、典型暴雨积涝案例和专家的验证,均表明风险区划的结果和实际灾情符合度较高,对嘉定暴雨积涝的防灾减灾具有重要的现实指导意义。
根據2006-2012年上海嘉定區9箇氣象站點的小時降水資料,結閤嘉定區的社會經濟與自然地理要素,構建一箇集緻災因子、孕災環境、承災體及防災減災能力為一體的區域暴雨積澇風險評價模型。通過GIS技術實現各指標的柵格化,併利用指數模型對各因子基于500 m ×500 m柵格的基本單元進行計算,編製嘉定區的暴雨積澇災害風險區劃圖,構成嘉定區五箇等級的風險,分彆為高、次高、中等、次低和低。區劃結果錶明嘉定區的暴雨積澇災害危險性指數從中心嚮外圍成遞減的趨勢,且嘉定鎮、新城和工業南區相對風險較高,華亭、徐行、南航和江橋風險相對較低。經嘉定區歷年暴雨積澇災情資料、典型暴雨積澇案例和專傢的驗證,均錶明風險區劃的結果和實際災情符閤度較高,對嘉定暴雨積澇的防災減災具有重要的現實指導意義。
근거2006-2012년상해가정구9개기상참점적소시강수자료,결합가정구적사회경제여자연지리요소,구건일개집치재인자、잉재배경、승재체급방재감재능력위일체적구역폭우적로풍험평개모형。통과GIS기술실현각지표적책격화,병이용지수모형대각인자기우500 m ×500 m책격적기본단원진행계산,편제가정구적폭우적로재해풍험구화도,구성가정구오개등급적풍험,분별위고、차고、중등、차저화저。구화결과표명가정구적폭우적로재해위험성지수종중심향외위성체감적추세,차가정진、신성화공업남구상대풍험교고,화정、서행、남항화강교풍험상대교저。경가정구력년폭우적로재정자료、전형폭우적로안례화전가적험증,균표명풍험구화적결과화실제재정부합도교고,대가정폭우적로적방재감재구유중요적현실지도의의。
Based on the precipitation data from nine meteorological stations in Jiading District of Shanghai during 2006 to 201 2 and combined with the society economic and nature geographic factors,a set of flood disaster assessment model,including hazard factors,hazard inducing environment,hazard-affected body and disaster pre-vention ability,is built.And a map of flood disaster risk division in Jiading is drawn using 500 m ×500 m raster as basic assessment unit,by means of GIS spatial analysis technique for rasterizing evaluation indices and fuzzy com-prehensive assessment methods.Finally,the five risk zones of Jiading,higher risk,sub-high risk,medium risk, inferior risk and lower risk,are mapped.Results show that flood disaster risk is of a decreasing trend from center to periphery.Jiading town,Xincheng town,South industrial district and so on,have relative high risk,while Huating town,Xuhang town,Nanhang town,Jiangqiao town and so on,have slightly lower risk.The rainstorm waterlogging disaster,evaluation of typical rainstorm waterlogging and experts indicate that the risk zoning result basically accord with the actual situation,it has important practical significance for disaster prevention and mitigation in Jiading rainstorm waterlogging.