CAJ | 학술논문

为了探索和验证未来气候变化对半干旱区春小麦生产的影响，了解春小麦生长发育和产量对增温和降水变化协同响应的基本特征，利用开放式增温系统和水分控制装置，设置不同水分和温度梯度来模拟气候变化对半干旱区春小麦的影响。结果表明：正常和增加30%降水条件下，增温2.0℃使春小麦株高降低。在不增温和增温2.0℃条件下，增加30%降水使春小麦株高增加；正常和增加降水条件下，增温的叶面积指数比不增温的低。正常和增温条件下，水分对叶面积指数的影响规律性不是很明显；增温和增水协同条件下的株高、叶面积指数小于不增温和正常降水条件下的株高、叶面积指数；增温导致叶绿素含量降低，增温情况下增水会使叶绿素含量提高；正常和增加降水条件下，增温的干物质质量比不增温的低。正常和增温条件下，降水增多则有利于干物质质量的积累；营养生长阶段和生殖生长阶段，在正常和增加降水条件下，增温对叶的分配系数有负效应，增水为正效应。增温对茎的分配系数有正效应，增水为负效应。增温对穗的分配系数有负效应，增水为正效应；增加降水对春小麦的产量有正效应，而增温则不利于产量的提高，即便是在增加降水的情况下，增温还是对产量有不利的影响。研究结果为中国半干旱区春小麦对全球气候变化下的敏感性及适应性提供理论参考。
위료탐색화험증미래기후변화대반간한구춘소맥생산적영향，료해춘소맥생장발육화산량대증온화강수변화협동향응적기본특정，이용개방식증온계통화수분공제장치，설치불동수분화온도제도래모의기후변화대반간한구춘소맥적영향。결과표명：정상화증가30%강수조건하，증온2.0℃사춘소맥주고강저。재불증온화증온2.0℃조건하，증가30%강수사춘소맥주고증가；정상화증가강수조건하，증온적협면적지수비불증온적저。정상화증온조건하，수분대협면적지수적영향규률성불시흔명현；증온화증수협동조건하적주고、협면적지수소우불증온화정상강수조건하적주고、협면적지수；증온도치협록소함량강저，증온정황하증수회사협록소함량제고；정상화증가강수조건하，증온적간물질질량비불증온적저。정상화증온조건하，강수증다칙유리우간물질질량적적루；영양생장계단화생식생장계단，재정상화증가강수조건하，증온대협적분배계수유부효응，증수위정효응。증온대경적분배계수유정효응，증수위부효응。증온대수적분배계수유부효응，증수위정효응；증가강수대춘소맥적산량유정효응，이증온칙불리우산량적제고，즉편시재증가강수적정황하，증온환시대산량유불리적영향。연구결과위중국반간한구춘소맥대전구기후변화하적민감성급괄응성제공이론삼고。
In order to explore and validate the impact of further climate change on spring wheat growth and yield, and to obtain basic features of spring wheat’s response to warming and precipitation change, an infrared temperature-increasing simulation experiment was conducted in Dingxi of Gansu Province, Northwest China. With the applications of free air temperature increased system (FATI) and water control devices, different precipitation and air temperature gradients were installed to simulate the effects of climate change on spring wheat growth. The impacts of warming and precipitation change on growth and yield of spring wheat were also analyzed. The results showed that warming of 2℃ decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 8.55% under normal precipitation condition, and warming of 2℃decreased the plant height of spring wheat by 9.65%under the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 4.8% under normal temperature condition, and increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the plant height of spring wheat by 3.56% under warming of 2℃. The plant height of spring wheat under the condition of warming of 2℃and increasing precipitation by 30%was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. On the condition of normal precipitation, warming of 2℃decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 28.15%, and on the condition of increasing precipitation by 30%, warming of 2℃decreased the leaf area index of spring wheat by 31.04%. Under normal temperature and warming of 2℃, the effect of precipitation on leaf area index was not very obvious. The leaf area index of spring wheat under warming of 2℃and increasing precipitation by 30%condition was smaller than that under normal temperature and normal precipitation condition. Warming decreased chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf, and especially after filling stage, the chlorophyll content decreased more significantly. Increasing precipitation by 30% enhanced the chlorophyll content of spring wheat leaf under warming of 2℃. On the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, the dry matter amounts of spring wheat under warming were all smaller than that under normal temperature. Increasing precipitation by 30% was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter under normal temperature and warming. In the vegetative growth stage and reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the stem, but increasing precipitation by 30%had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the leaves and a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the stem. In the reproductive growth stage, under the conditions of normal precipitation and increasing precipitation by 30%, warming had a negative effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle, but increasing precipitation by 30% had a positive effect on the partition coefficient of the panicle. Under normal temperature, increasing precipitation by 30%enhanced yield of spring wheat by 4.89%, spikelet number by 4.92%, grains per panicle by 2.44%, grains weight per panicle by 4.99%, 1000-grain weight by 2.64%, length of panicle by 8.66%and weight of panicle by 4.92%. Under normal precipitation, warming of 2℃decreased yield of spring wheat by 43.26%, spikelet number by 13.11%, grains per panicle by 15.85%, grains weight per panicle by 27.11%, 1000-grain weight by 13.54%, length of panicle by 14.96%and weight of panicle by 24.93%. Water addition had a positive effect on the yield of spring wheat, while warming did not help to improve the yield of spring wheat;even in the case of increasing precipitation, warming still had an adverse effect on yield. The research results can give the theoretical references for the sensitivity and adaptability of spring wheat in semi-arid area of China under global climate change.