农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2015年
z1期
142-152
,共11页
王潇潇%潘学标%顾生浩%胡琦%魏培%潘宇鹰
王瀟瀟%潘學標%顧生浩%鬍琦%魏培%潘宇鷹
왕소소%반학표%고생호%호기%위배%반우응
蒸散%风%温度%参考作物蒸散%FAO Penman-Monteith公式%草地%偏相关分析%气象因子
蒸散%風%溫度%參攷作物蒸散%FAO Penman-Monteith公式%草地%偏相關分析%氣象因子
증산%풍%온도%삼고작물증산%FAO Penman-Monteith공식%초지%편상관분석%기상인자
evapotranspiration%wind%temperature%reference crop evapotranspiration%FAO Penman-Monteith equation%grassland%partial correlation analysis%meteorological factors
为深入了解不同草原类型下参考作物蒸散特征及其对气候变化的响应，该文利用 FAO Penman-Monteith公式研究了内蒙古地区46个站点1961－2010年参考作物蒸散量及其辐射项和动力学项的时空分布规律和变化特征，并对其主要影响因素进行了分析讨论。研究结果表明：近50a来内蒙古各站点参考作物蒸散量的年平均值均介于570～1674 mm之间，该地区参考作物蒸散量及其构成项的值西高东低，而且从高到低的5个草原类型依次为：荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原、典型草原、草甸草原。各区生长季内参考作物蒸散量约占全年的80%。内蒙古各站点年参考作物蒸散量的变化率在-48～50 mm/10a之间，荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原和典型草原参考作物蒸散量变化均不明显，草甸草原参考作物蒸散量显著上升（P=0.001）。各区域参考作物蒸散量辐射项的年值和月值均呈显著的上升趋势，除草甸草原外各区域参考作物蒸散量动力学项的年值和月值呈下降的趋势。风速是影响荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原和典型草原西部地区参考作物蒸散量变化的首要因子，风速下降导致该地区蒸散呈下降的趋势；日平均温度是次要因子，但气温升高对参考作物蒸散量变化的作用有限，参考作物蒸散量并未随气候变暖而显著增大；相对湿度是第三因子，与参考作物蒸散量呈负相关（P=0.006）；日照时数是第四因子，其值降低导致参考作物蒸散量的下降。典型草原东部和草甸草原地区各站点受气象因子综合影响使参考作物蒸散量呈上升的趋势。该研究探讨了内蒙古各类型草原参考作物蒸散对气候变化的响应，为内蒙古各类型草原的生态保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。
為深入瞭解不同草原類型下參攷作物蒸散特徵及其對氣候變化的響應，該文利用 FAO Penman-Monteith公式研究瞭內矇古地區46箇站點1961－2010年參攷作物蒸散量及其輻射項和動力學項的時空分佈規律和變化特徵，併對其主要影響因素進行瞭分析討論。研究結果錶明：近50a來內矇古各站點參攷作物蒸散量的年平均值均介于570～1674 mm之間，該地區參攷作物蒸散量及其構成項的值西高東低，而且從高到低的5箇草原類型依次為：荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原、典型草原、草甸草原。各區生長季內參攷作物蒸散量約佔全年的80%。內矇古各站點年參攷作物蒸散量的變化率在-48～50 mm/10a之間，荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原和典型草原參攷作物蒸散量變化均不明顯，草甸草原參攷作物蒸散量顯著上升（P=0.001）。各區域參攷作物蒸散量輻射項的年值和月值均呈顯著的上升趨勢，除草甸草原外各區域參攷作物蒸散量動力學項的年值和月值呈下降的趨勢。風速是影響荒漠、草原化荒漠、荒漠化草原和典型草原西部地區參攷作物蒸散量變化的首要因子，風速下降導緻該地區蒸散呈下降的趨勢；日平均溫度是次要因子，但氣溫升高對參攷作物蒸散量變化的作用有限，參攷作物蒸散量併未隨氣候變暖而顯著增大；相對濕度是第三因子，與參攷作物蒸散量呈負相關（P=0.006）；日照時數是第四因子，其值降低導緻參攷作物蒸散量的下降。典型草原東部和草甸草原地區各站點受氣象因子綜閤影響使參攷作物蒸散量呈上升的趨勢。該研究探討瞭內矇古各類型草原參攷作物蒸散對氣候變化的響應，為內矇古各類型草原的生態保護和可持續髮展提供科學依據。
위심입료해불동초원류형하삼고작물증산특정급기대기후변화적향응，해문이용 FAO Penman-Monteith공식연구료내몽고지구46개참점1961－2010년삼고작물증산량급기복사항화동역학항적시공분포규률화변화특정，병대기주요영향인소진행료분석토론。연구결과표명：근50a래내몽고각참점삼고작물증산량적년평균치균개우570～1674 mm지간，해지구삼고작물증산량급기구성항적치서고동저，이차종고도저적5개초원류형의차위：황막、초원화황막、황막화초원、전형초원、초전초원。각구생장계내삼고작물증산량약점전년적80%。내몽고각참점년삼고작물증산량적변화솔재-48～50 mm/10a지간，황막、초원화황막、황막화초원화전형초원삼고작물증산량변화균불명현，초전초원삼고작물증산량현저상승（P=0.001）。각구역삼고작물증산량복사항적년치화월치균정현저적상승추세，제초전초원외각구역삼고작물증산량동역학항적년치화월치정하강적추세。풍속시영향황막、초원화황막、황막화초원화전형초원서부지구삼고작물증산량변화적수요인자，풍속하강도치해지구증산정하강적추세；일평균온도시차요인자，단기온승고대삼고작물증산량변화적작용유한，삼고작물증산량병미수기후변난이현저증대；상대습도시제삼인자，여삼고작물증산량정부상관（P=0.006）；일조시수시제사인자，기치강저도치삼고작물증산량적하강。전형초원동부화초전초원지구각참점수기상인자종합영향사삼고작물증산량정상승적추세。해연구탐토료내몽고각류형초원삼고작물증산대기후변화적향응，위내몽고각류형초원적생태보호화가지속발전제공과학의거。
It is vital to explore the effect of climate change on reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) in grasslands of different types in Inner Mongolia. According to the index of moisture raised by Ivanov, Inner Mongolia was divided into five different types of grassland including, in order of the vegetation amount, meadow steppe, typical steppe, desert steppe, steppe desert and desert. Based on the FAO Penman-Monteith equation, the distribution and temporal-spatial variation of ET0, ETrad and ETaero and the meteorological factors were studied in Inner Mongolia from 1961 to 2010. The variations of monthly and annual ET0, ETrad, ETaero and the correlated meteorological factors such as wind speed, daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours were analyzed respectively. The correlation of wind speed, daily average temperature, relative humidity and sunshine hours with ET0 were analyzed. The results showed that the mean ET0 of different sites varied from 570 mm to 1674 mm in the past 50 years, and there was a marked geographical difference in ET0 and its constituents (ETrad and ETaero), which decreased from the West to the East, crossing the desert, steppe desert, desert steppe, typical steppe and meadow steppe successively. The ET0 of those five zones during growth season accounted for 80%of the whole year and reached the peak in June while ETrad and ETaero peaked in July and May. Trends of ET0 varied from -48 mm/10a to 50 mm/10a across the Inner Mongolia. ET0 of desert, steppe desert and desert steppe decreased not significantly and those of typical steppe had an upward trend not significantly, while ET0 of meadow steppe increased significantly. ETrad increased in Inner Mongolia but ETaero decreased significantly in Inner Mongolia except meadow steppe. The ET0 of May and June decreased significantly in Inner Mongolia annually. Meanwhile, the ETrad of almost all the months in growth period increased but the ETaero decreased. The absolute values of partial correlation coefficients between ET0 and meteorological factors indicated that wind played the most important role in the changes of ET0 in the Midwest of Inner Mongolia, where ET0 of most sites experienced a downward trend with the significant decline of wind speed and the contribution of ETaero to ET0 overtook that of ETrad. As the secondary meteorological factor, the significant increase of temperature did not lead to a significant increase of ET0 in Inner Mongolia. Relative humidity, as the third factor, experienced a significant decrease and was negative to ET0. The decrease of ET0 was triggered by the reduction of sunshine hours, which was the fourth factor. Due to the combined effects of various meteorological factors, ET0 increased significantly in meadow steppe and the east of typical steppe. The present research indicated that the Midwest of Inner Mongolia including desert, steppe desert and desert steppe were facing a serious situation and the East of Inner Mongolia, a place called thriving grasslands, including typical steppe and meadow steppe were going to be exposed to the potential risk of deterioration, providing a scientific basis for the eco-environmental conservation and sustainable development of grasslands in Inner Mongolia.
