阅江学刊
閱江學刊
열강학간
YUEJIANG ACADEMIC JOURNAL
2014年
6期
100-108
,共9页
徽商%明代%文化活动%儒商契合
徽商%明代%文化活動%儒商契閤
휘상%명대%문화활동%유상계합
Hui Merchants%Ming Dynasty%cultural activity%consilience of Confucians and merchants
明清时期徽商的文学创作活动无疑是历史本原的组成部分,具有或高或低的审美价值。“徽商”或者“徽州商帮”的兴起乃在成化、弘治年间,徽商文学创作也开始于这个时间以后。鲍弼当是较早见于记载的有诗歌创作的徽商,其诗在一定程度上表现了漂泊异处他乡的商人思念亲人和家乡的情感。郑作在宋梁一带经商的时间大约在弘治、正德年间,既是较早外出经营的徽商,也是较早与文学发生关联的徽商。嘉靖、万历时期,徽商的创作势头不减,在徽商聚集的扬州和杭州等地,徽商成为文坛上的活跃人物。徽商走出去以后,他们的文化姿态立即表现得令人侧目,由此也决定了明代徽商之于文学关系的特点:一是喜爱文学并积极创作的徽商人数众多;二是徽商刚刚崛起之时,就与文人士大夫有了密切的交往,在文学创作以及文学观方面都深受他们的影响;三是在地域上分布较广;四是与徽商发展轨迹同步,但是到了晚明时期,随着文人士大夫对商人了解、理解程度的加深,特别是徽商获得巨额财富以后,儒、商之间才建立起平等的关系,才有了两者的“契合”。
明清時期徽商的文學創作活動無疑是歷史本原的組成部分,具有或高或低的審美價值。“徽商”或者“徽州商幫”的興起迺在成化、弘治年間,徽商文學創作也開始于這箇時間以後。鮑弼噹是較早見于記載的有詩歌創作的徽商,其詩在一定程度上錶現瞭漂泊異處他鄉的商人思唸親人和傢鄉的情感。鄭作在宋樑一帶經商的時間大約在弘治、正德年間,既是較早外齣經營的徽商,也是較早與文學髮生關聯的徽商。嘉靖、萬歷時期,徽商的創作勢頭不減,在徽商聚集的颺州和杭州等地,徽商成為文罈上的活躍人物。徽商走齣去以後,他們的文化姿態立即錶現得令人側目,由此也決定瞭明代徽商之于文學關繫的特點:一是喜愛文學併積極創作的徽商人數衆多;二是徽商剛剛崛起之時,就與文人士大伕有瞭密切的交往,在文學創作以及文學觀方麵都深受他們的影響;三是在地域上分佈較廣;四是與徽商髮展軌跡同步,但是到瞭晚明時期,隨著文人士大伕對商人瞭解、理解程度的加深,特彆是徽商穫得巨額財富以後,儒、商之間纔建立起平等的關繫,纔有瞭兩者的“契閤”。
명청시기휘상적문학창작활동무의시역사본원적조성부분,구유혹고혹저적심미개치。“휘상”혹자“휘주상방”적흥기내재성화、홍치년간,휘상문학창작야개시우저개시간이후。포필당시교조견우기재적유시가창작적휘상,기시재일정정도상표현료표박이처타향적상인사념친인화가향적정감。정작재송량일대경상적시간대약재홍치、정덕년간,기시교조외출경영적휘상,야시교조여문학발생관련적휘상。가정、만력시기,휘상적창작세두불감,재휘상취집적양주화항주등지,휘상성위문단상적활약인물。휘상주출거이후,타문적문화자태립즉표현득령인측목,유차야결정료명대휘상지우문학관계적특점:일시희애문학병적겁창작적휘상인수음다;이시휘상강강굴기지시,취여문인사대부유료밀절적교왕,재문학창작이급문학관방면도심수타문적영향;삼시재지역상분포교엄;사시여휘상발전궤적동보,단시도료만명시기,수착문인사대부대상인료해、리해정도적가심,특별시휘상획득거액재부이후,유、상지간재건립기평등적관계,재유료량자적“계합”。
Hui Merchants? activity of literary creation during Ming and Qing Dynasties is undoubtedly a part of historical origin, with high or low aesthetic value. Hui Merchants or Huizhou merchants spring up during the reign of Chenghua and Hongzhi, and after that time, Hui Merchants start to create literary. Bao Bidang is recorded more early as a Hui Merchant with poetry creation. To some extent, his poetry shows merchants?feel?ing of missing relatives and hometown when drifting in different places. During the reign of Jiajing and Wanli, Hui Merchants keep creating and become active figures in literary world in Yangzhou, Hangzhou etc. gathered with Hui Merchants. After Hui Merchants going out, their cultural attitude shows impressively which determines the characteristics of relationship between Hui Merchants in Ming Dynasty and literary. First, the number of Hui Merchants loving literary and creating actively is large. Second, Hui Merchants has s close relationship with scholar?bureaucrats on their rise time so that their literary creation and literary view are influenced heavily by scholar?bureaucrats. Third, they are widely distributed in many places. Last, the development tracks of Hui Merchants?literary creation and Hui Merchants are synchronous. But in the late Ming Dynasty, with the scholar?bureaucrats? understanding about merchants improving, especially after Hui Merchants acquiring great wealth, equal relationship is established between Confucians and merchants, and there is also consilience of both sides.