北华大学学报（社会科学版）
北華大學學報（社會科學版）
북화대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF BEIHUA UNIVERSITY(SOCIAL SCIENCES)
2014年
6期
12-16
,共5页
“据”%动词%介词%语法化
“據”%動詞%介詞%語法化
“거”%동사%개사%어법화
Ju%Verb%Preposition%Grammaticalization
现代汉语介词“据”来源于先秦动词“据”。“据”在先秦时期用在连动结构中，西汉时期，一些连动结构中的“据”可重新分析为介词，唐五代介词“据”发展成熟，宋代以后介词“据”进一步扩展。连动结构是引发动词“据”语法化的句法环境，而“据”后宾语由具体到抽象的扩展是引发“据”发生语义变化的动因。“据”由表示“杖持”的实词义到表示“依据”的语法义的语法化过程中经历了“倚、靠”义和“依仗”义的语义演变阶段。“据”的句法功能变化的机制是重新分析，而“据”发生语义演变致使语法意义产生的机制是隐喻。
現代漢語介詞“據”來源于先秦動詞“據”。“據”在先秦時期用在連動結構中，西漢時期，一些連動結構中的“據”可重新分析為介詞，唐五代介詞“據”髮展成熟，宋代以後介詞“據”進一步擴展。連動結構是引髮動詞“據”語法化的句法環境，而“據”後賓語由具體到抽象的擴展是引髮“據”髮生語義變化的動因。“據”由錶示“杖持”的實詞義到錶示“依據”的語法義的語法化過程中經歷瞭“倚、靠”義和“依仗”義的語義縯變階段。“據”的句法功能變化的機製是重新分析，而“據”髮生語義縯變緻使語法意義產生的機製是隱喻。
현대한어개사“거”래원우선진동사“거”。“거”재선진시기용재련동결구중，서한시기，일사련동결구중적“거”가중신분석위개사，당오대개사“거”발전성숙，송대이후개사“거”진일보확전。련동결구시인발동사“거”어법화적구법배경，이“거”후빈어유구체도추상적확전시인발“거”발생어의변화적동인。“거”유표시“장지”적실사의도표시“의거”적어법의적어법화과정중경력료“의、고”의화“의장”의적어의연변계단。“거”적구법공능변화적궤제시중신분석，이“거”발생어의연변치사어법의의산생적궤제시은유。
The preposition Ju comes from the verb Ju in Pre-Qin Period. The verb Ju was used in serial verb con-struction in Pre-Qin Period;Ju was made a reanalysis in Serial verb construction in Han Dynasty. The verb Ju de-veloped the prepositional function;Then,the prepositional function of Ju was matured in Tang Dynasty,after the Song Dynasty the prepositional function of Ju enlarged. Serial verb construction served as the syntactic conditions, the verb Ju object from the concrete to the abstract extension is triggered Ju produce semantic variation. Originally as a notional word with the meaning“support the body with a stick”,Ju became the functional word which means“according to”,through a mediating semantic stage meaning“lean on” or“relying on”. The mechanism of chan-ging its syntactic function was to make a reanalysis,and the mechanism of semantic evolution was metaphor.
