中华危重病急救医学
中華危重病急救醫學
중화위중병급구의학
Chinese Critical Care Medicine
2014年
12期
849-854
,共6页
贾丽静%李宏亮%白宇%朱曦
賈麗靜%李宏亮%白宇%硃晞
가려정%리굉량%백우%주희
困难撤机%药物辅助治疗%镇静%镇痛
睏難撤機%藥物輔助治療%鎮靜%鎮痛
곤난철궤%약물보조치료%진정%진통
Difficult weaning%Adjuvant drugs treatment%Sedation%Analgesia
目的:探讨药物干预治疗对撤机困难患者的临床价值。方法采用前瞻性随机对照单盲研究,选择2008年1月至2013年12月北京大学第三医院危重医学科120例撤机困难的患者,按照计算机生成的随机数字表将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例。治疗组患者在撤机前3 d开始每日应用呋塞米控制液体负平衡直到撤机后48 h;撤机前1 d给予灌肠治疗降低腹压;撤机当日加用硝酸甘油,并给予倍他乐克或西地兰以预防和控制撤机过程中的血压升高和心率增快;拔管前2h静脉泵入微量山莨菪碱以减少气道分泌。对照组按常规撤机处理。比较两组患者研究开始时的心率、呼吸频率(RR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)、血气指标、血红蛋白(HG)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cr);撤机困难的原因、镇静或镇痛药物的选择、撤机前腹胀情况和拔管前吸痰间隔时间;研究开始至撤机前、撤机后24 h和48 h的液体平衡情况,纳入研究后自主呼吸试验(SBT)失败次数、机械通气时间和重症监护病房(ICU)治疗时间以及住院期间总机械通气时间和ICU总治疗时间。结果两组患者研究开始时心率、RR、MAP、SpO2、血气指标、HG、ALB、Cr比较差异均无统计学意义。两组患者撤机困难的主要原因均为气道和呼吸功能障碍、心功能不全、中枢神经系统功能障碍。治疗组患者使用丙泊酚联合右美托咪定治疗的比例明显高于对照组〔16.7%(10/60)比1.7%(1/60),χ2=8.107,P=0.004〕,而两组患者其余镇静、镇痛用药方案比较差异无统计学意义。治疗组撤机前的腹胀比例明显低于对照组〔10.0%(6/60)比25.0%(15/60),χ2=4.675,P=0.031〕,拔管前吸痰间隔时间较对照组明显延长〔h:1(1,2)比1(1,1),Z=-2.209,P=0.027〕,纳入研究后的SBT失败次数明显少于对照组〔次:0(0,1)比1(1,2), Z=-6.561,P=0.000〕。治疗组研究开始至撤机前、撤机后24 h及48 h液体平衡量均少于对照组〔撤机前:-567.71(-755.95,-226.41)比1256.76(472.48,1796.63),Z=-9.038,P=0.000;撤机后24 h:-5.03(-530.28,245.09)比342.28(125.36,613.25),Z=-4.711,P=0.000;撤机后48 h:115.50(-450.26,485.00)比330.00(16.25,575.25),Z=-1.932,P=0.053〕。与对照组比较,治疗组纳入研究后的机械通气时间〔d:1.0(1.0,2.0)比2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕、ICU治疗时间〔d:3.0(3.0,4.0)比4.0(4.0,5.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕以及住院期间总机械通气时间〔d:8.0(6.0,12.0)比11.0(8.0,15.0),Z=-4.091,P=0.000〕、ICU总治疗时间〔d:12.5(9.2,19.0)比17.0(12.0,29.5),Z=-2.722,P=0.006〕均明显缩短。结论药物辅助治疗有助于撤机困难患者尽早撤机,并能缩短撤机过程,减少机械通气时间及ICU治疗时间;在镇静药物的选择上,丙泊酚联合右美托咪定更有助于撤机。
目的:探討藥物榦預治療對撤機睏難患者的臨床價值。方法採用前瞻性隨機對照單盲研究,選擇2008年1月至2013年12月北京大學第三醫院危重醫學科120例撤機睏難的患者,按照計算機生成的隨機數字錶將患者分為治療組和對照組,每組60例。治療組患者在撤機前3 d開始每日應用呋塞米控製液體負平衡直到撤機後48 h;撤機前1 d給予灌腸治療降低腹壓;撤機噹日加用硝痠甘油,併給予倍他樂剋或西地蘭以預防和控製撤機過程中的血壓升高和心率增快;拔管前2h靜脈泵入微量山莨菪堿以減少氣道分泌。對照組按常規撤機處理。比較兩組患者研究開始時的心率、呼吸頻率(RR)、平均動脈壓(MAP)、脈搏血氧飽和度(SpO2)、血氣指標、血紅蛋白(HG)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(Cr);撤機睏難的原因、鎮靜或鎮痛藥物的選擇、撤機前腹脹情況和拔管前吸痰間隔時間;研究開始至撤機前、撤機後24 h和48 h的液體平衡情況,納入研究後自主呼吸試驗(SBT)失敗次數、機械通氣時間和重癥鑑護病房(ICU)治療時間以及住院期間總機械通氣時間和ICU總治療時間。結果兩組患者研究開始時心率、RR、MAP、SpO2、血氣指標、HG、ALB、Cr比較差異均無統計學意義。兩組患者撤機睏難的主要原因均為氣道和呼吸功能障礙、心功能不全、中樞神經繫統功能障礙。治療組患者使用丙泊酚聯閤右美託咪定治療的比例明顯高于對照組〔16.7%(10/60)比1.7%(1/60),χ2=8.107,P=0.004〕,而兩組患者其餘鎮靜、鎮痛用藥方案比較差異無統計學意義。治療組撤機前的腹脹比例明顯低于對照組〔10.0%(6/60)比25.0%(15/60),χ2=4.675,P=0.031〕,拔管前吸痰間隔時間較對照組明顯延長〔h:1(1,2)比1(1,1),Z=-2.209,P=0.027〕,納入研究後的SBT失敗次數明顯少于對照組〔次:0(0,1)比1(1,2), Z=-6.561,P=0.000〕。治療組研究開始至撤機前、撤機後24 h及48 h液體平衡量均少于對照組〔撤機前:-567.71(-755.95,-226.41)比1256.76(472.48,1796.63),Z=-9.038,P=0.000;撤機後24 h:-5.03(-530.28,245.09)比342.28(125.36,613.25),Z=-4.711,P=0.000;撤機後48 h:115.50(-450.26,485.00)比330.00(16.25,575.25),Z=-1.932,P=0.053〕。與對照組比較,治療組納入研究後的機械通氣時間〔d:1.0(1.0,2.0)比2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕、ICU治療時間〔d:3.0(3.0,4.0)比4.0(4.0,5.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕以及住院期間總機械通氣時間〔d:8.0(6.0,12.0)比11.0(8.0,15.0),Z=-4.091,P=0.000〕、ICU總治療時間〔d:12.5(9.2,19.0)比17.0(12.0,29.5),Z=-2.722,P=0.006〕均明顯縮短。結論藥物輔助治療有助于撤機睏難患者儘早撤機,併能縮短撤機過程,減少機械通氣時間及ICU治療時間;在鎮靜藥物的選擇上,丙泊酚聯閤右美託咪定更有助于撤機。
목적:탐토약물간예치료대철궤곤난환자적림상개치。방법채용전첨성수궤대조단맹연구,선택2008년1월지2013년12월북경대학제삼의원위중의학과120례철궤곤난적환자,안조계산궤생성적수궤수자표장환자분위치료조화대조조,매조60례。치료조환자재철궤전3 d개시매일응용부새미공제액체부평형직도철궤후48 h;철궤전1 d급여관장치료강저복압;철궤당일가용초산감유,병급여배타악극혹서지란이예방화공제철궤과정중적혈압승고화심솔증쾌;발관전2h정맥빙입미량산랑탕감이감소기도분비。대조조안상규철궤처리。비교량조환자연구개시시적심솔、호흡빈솔(RR)、평균동맥압(MAP)、맥박혈양포화도(SpO2)、혈기지표、혈홍단백(HG)、백단백(ALB)、기항(Cr);철궤곤난적원인、진정혹진통약물적선택、철궤전복창정황화발관전흡담간격시간;연구개시지철궤전、철궤후24 h화48 h적액체평형정황,납입연구후자주호흡시험(SBT)실패차수、궤계통기시간화중증감호병방(ICU)치료시간이급주원기간총궤계통기시간화ICU총치료시간。결과량조환자연구개시시심솔、RR、MAP、SpO2、혈기지표、HG、ALB、Cr비교차이균무통계학의의。량조환자철궤곤난적주요원인균위기도화호흡공능장애、심공능불전、중추신경계통공능장애。치료조환자사용병박분연합우미탁미정치료적비례명현고우대조조〔16.7%(10/60)비1.7%(1/60),χ2=8.107,P=0.004〕,이량조환자기여진정、진통용약방안비교차이무통계학의의。치료조철궤전적복창비례명현저우대조조〔10.0%(6/60)비25.0%(15/60),χ2=4.675,P=0.031〕,발관전흡담간격시간교대조조명현연장〔h:1(1,2)비1(1,1),Z=-2.209,P=0.027〕,납입연구후적SBT실패차수명현소우대조조〔차:0(0,1)비1(1,2), Z=-6.561,P=0.000〕。치료조연구개시지철궤전、철궤후24 h급48 h액체평형량균소우대조조〔철궤전:-567.71(-755.95,-226.41)비1256.76(472.48,1796.63),Z=-9.038,P=0.000;철궤후24 h:-5.03(-530.28,245.09)비342.28(125.36,613.25),Z=-4.711,P=0.000;철궤후48 h:115.50(-450.26,485.00)비330.00(16.25,575.25),Z=-1.932,P=0.053〕。여대조조비교,치료조납입연구후적궤계통기시간〔d:1.0(1.0,2.0)비2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕、ICU치료시간〔d:3.0(3.0,4.0)비4.0(4.0,5.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕이급주원기간총궤계통기시간〔d:8.0(6.0,12.0)비11.0(8.0,15.0),Z=-4.091,P=0.000〕、ICU총치료시간〔d:12.5(9.2,19.0)비17.0(12.0,29.5),Z=-2.722,P=0.006〕균명현축단。결론약물보조치료유조우철궤곤난환자진조철궤,병능축단철궤과정,감소궤계통기시간급ICU치료시간;재진정약물적선택상,병박분연합우미탁미정경유조우철궤。
Objective To investigate the value of drug intervention for difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation. Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted. 120 patients with difficult weaning from mechanical ventilation encountered in Department of Critical Care Medicine of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2008 to December 2013 were included,and the patients were divided into treatment group and control group according to random number table,with 60 cases in each group. Patients received furosemide therapy in the treatment group 3 days before weaning up to 48 hours after weaning in order to control negative liquid balance. Enema was given the day before weaning to reduce abdominal pressure. On the weaning day,all of the patients received nitroglycerin and beta blocker or cedilanid to prevent or control elevation of blood pressure and heart rate in the process of weaning. All patients in treatment group received anisodamine in small dosage 2 hours before extubation.The patients in control group received conventional treatment without drug intervention. Baseline indexes of two groups were compared,including the heart rate,respiration rate(RR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),pulse blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),blood gas,hemoglobin(HG),albumin(ALB)and creatinine(Cr). The main reasons of difficulty in weaning,sedative and analgesic drug selection,presence of abdominal discomfort before weaning,interval between sputum suction before extubation,liquid balance at the beginning of the investigation and at time of weaning,24 hours and 48 hours after weaning,failures of spontaneous breathing test(SBT),length of mechanical ventilation,length of ICU stay,and total length of mechanical ventilation and total length of ICU stay during hospitalization. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the heart rate,RR,MAP,SpO2,blood gas,HG,ALB,Cr at the beginning of the investigation between the two groups. The main reasons for difficult weaning in both groups of patients were respiratory dysfunction,cardiac insufficiency,and central nervous system dysfunction. The use of propofol combined dexmedetomidine in the treatment group was more frequent than the control group〔16.7%(10/60)vs. 1.7%(1/60),χ2=8.107,P=0.004〕,and there was no statistically significant difference in the use of other combinations of sedative drugs between the two groups. Abdominal discomfort before weaning was milder in treatment group as compared with control group〔10.0%(6/60)vs. 25.0%(15/60),χ2=4.675,P=0.031〕. The interval between sputum suction before extubation in the treatment group was significantly longer than that of the control group〔hours:1(1,2)vs. 1(1,1),Z=-2.209,P= 0.027〕. SBT failure was less frequent in treatment group compared with control group〔times:0(0,1)vs. 1(1,2),Z=-6.561,P=0.000〕. Liquid balance was better in the treatment group than the control group at time of weaning,24 hours and 48 hours after weaning〔at time of weaning:-567.71 (-755.95,-226.41)vs. 1 256.76(472.48,1 796.63),Z=-9.038,P=0.000;24 hours after weaning:-5.03 (-530.28,245.09)vs. 342.28(125.36,613.25),Z=-4.711,P=0.000;48 hours after weaning:115.50(-450.26, 485.00)vs. 330.00(16.25,575.25),Z=-1.932,P=0.053〕. Compared with control group,length of mechanical ventilation〔days:1.0(1.0,2.0)vs. 2.0(2.0,3.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕,ICU stay time〔days:3.0(3.0,4.0) vs. 4.0(4.0,5.0),Z=-6.545,P=0.000〕,and total length of mechanical ventilation〔days:8.0(6.0,12.0)vs. 11.0(8.0,15.0),Z=-4.091,P=0.000〕and total length of ICU stay during hospitalization〔days:12.5(9.2,19.0) vs. 17.0(12.0,29.5),Z=-2.722,P=0.000〕were all significantly shorter in the treatment group. Conclusions Adjuvant drugs therapy is helpful in patients weaning from the mechanical ventilation,and can shorten length of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay time. Propofol,combined dexmedetomidine,is helpful for weaning.