CAJ | 학술논문

为减少水坝对青海湖裸鲤溯河洄游的阻隔，在入湖的沙柳河上先后建设了导壁式、简易模块式和阶梯型鱼道。通过对青海湖鱼道建设案例分析，得出鱼道设计需要关注的问题：鱼道进鱼口设计要安排在鱼类洄游通路并采取集鱼措施，鱼道设计要依据鱼类洄游能力，鱼道运行要注意改进和维护，鱼道设计需要多学科专家共同参与。结合国内外鱼道设计、建设和运行情况，提出基于生态修复的鱼道建设维护对策：确立生态系统功能价值的鱼道设计目标，确立从鱼的角度出发，系统性的鱼道设计理念、建设和管护方式。
위감소수패대청해호라리소하회유적조격，재입호적사류하상선후건설료도벽식、간역모괴식화계제형어도。통과대청해호어도건설안례분석，득출어도설계수요관주적문제：어도진어구설계요안배재어류회유통로병채취집어조시，어도설계요의거어류회유능력，어도운행요주의개진화유호，어도설계수요다학과전가공동삼여。결합국내외어도설계、건설화운행정황，제출기우생태수복적어도건설유호대책：학립생태계통공능개치적어도설계목표，학립종어적각도출발，계통성적어도설계이념、건설화관호방식。
Gymnocypris przewalskii belongs to subfamily of Schizothoracinae, family of Cyprinidae and order of Cypriniformes, and it is an endemic species only distributed in the Qinghai Lake and its adjacent rivers and lakes. It possesses migration characteristics, and goes upstream from the lake to surrounding rivers in the reproduction season. However, several dams built on the rivers flowing into the lake with the agricultural development in the Qinghai Lake region since 1970s, severely blocked its migration passages, leading to obviously decreasing of resources of Gymnocypris przewalskii in recent years. To protect Gymnocypris przewalskii, three kinds of fish passages on the dams of rivers flowing into the Qinghai Lake were introduced, which were types of guide wall, simple steel modular and ladder slope, respectively. 1) The guide wall type fish passage was separately constructed on the dams in the Shaliu River, Quanji River and Haergai River in 2006, which were built along river side, but it had several defects because of the lack of experience. 2) The simple steel modular type fish passage was designed and constructed on the dam of the Shaliu River in 2008, Based on biological characteristics of Gymnocypris przewalskii and the basic situation of the dam and environmental conditions of the Shaliu River. After considering inlet location of fish passage, suction flow and hydraulic conditions within passage, the inlet was located at the area with aggregated fish and slow current velocity. The water flow was 0.5 m/s, the current velocity was 0.1-0.25 m3/s, as well as the slope of 1:10 within fish passage. 3) The ladder slope type fish passage was built on the dam of Shaliu River in 2010, which used two types open fishponds of multi-ladder and slight slope. Fish passage without hindrance had been almost come to be real through this type. This type was designed according to basic theories and related parameters of simple fish passage. The length was 80 m and the width was 1.3 m for each platform, and the outer edge width was 0.3 m, height difference of outer edge between two adjacent levels was 0.15 m, as well as the height difference between outer edge and adjacent lower inner edge was nearly 0.35 m. Fish passage had 18 levels in total, and its plane width was 23.4 m, vertical height was 3 m and length extended to 160 m. In addition, the suggestions on design of fish passage in China had been discussed. Four highlights were provided, including:1) The fish gathering area should be considered when locating the inlet;2) Migration ability of fish should be thought over while designing; 3) The passage should be improved and maintained regularly in the process of operation;4) The design of fish passage needs the attention and joint effort of experts from multi-principles. Furthermore, the strategies on construction and management of fish passage based on ecological restoration had been presented, which included:setting the goal of fish passage design based on the ecosystem function value, realizing the idea of fish passage design serving for fish, establishing the systematic ways for fish passage design, construction and maintenance.