农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
22期
95-101
,共7页
冯棣%张俊鹏%曹彩云%郑春莲%孙池涛%孙景生
馮棣%張俊鵬%曹綵雲%鄭春蓮%孫池濤%孫景生
풍체%장준붕%조채운%정춘련%손지도%손경생
棉花%灌溉%咸水%土壤盐度%齐苗率%幼苗生长
棉花%灌溉%鹹水%土壤鹽度%齊苗率%幼苗生長
면화%관개%함수%토양염도%제묘솔%유묘생장
cotton%irrigation%saline water%soil salinity%full stand establishment%seedling growth
为大规模开发利用河北低平原浅层地下咸水，保障棉花生产，该文采用畦灌和沟灌2种造墒方式，设计5种灌溉水矿化度水平，开展了连续6a的大田咸水造墒植棉试验，分析了不同造墒方式下灌溉水矿化度对棉花出苗及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明，当灌溉水矿化度达到一定水平后棉花齐苗率显著降低（P<0.05），由于棉花萌发和出苗阶段抗逆性差，棉花齐苗率显著降低时的灌溉水矿化度阈值年际间差异较大；2种造墒方式下棉花齐苗率与耕层土壤盐度显著相关（P<0.01），且相关方程的斜率相近，但畦灌处理的耕层地温和其他土壤性状指标优于沟灌处理，导致土壤盐度相同时畦灌处理的棉花齐苗率高出5.5～7.7个百分点；4 g/L以上灌溉水矿化度处理的耕层土壤盐度呈现出随灌溉年份增加而累积的趋势，因此长期灌溉对棉花齐苗率的负面影响存在累积效应。在保证与淡水灌溉相比棉花齐苗率不降低的情况下，畦灌和沟灌处理的适宜造墒水矿化度应分别控制在6和4g/L以下，正常情况下畦灌较沟灌更有利于棉花齐苗和幼苗生长。该研究为指导当地咸水造墒植棉提供参考。
為大規模開髮利用河北低平原淺層地下鹹水，保障棉花生產，該文採用畦灌和溝灌2種造墑方式，設計5種灌溉水礦化度水平，開展瞭連續6a的大田鹹水造墑植棉試驗，分析瞭不同造墑方式下灌溉水礦化度對棉花齣苗及幼苗生長的影響。結果錶明，噹灌溉水礦化度達到一定水平後棉花齊苗率顯著降低（P<0.05），由于棉花萌髮和齣苗階段抗逆性差，棉花齊苗率顯著降低時的灌溉水礦化度閾值年際間差異較大；2種造墑方式下棉花齊苗率與耕層土壤鹽度顯著相關（P<0.01），且相關方程的斜率相近，但畦灌處理的耕層地溫和其他土壤性狀指標優于溝灌處理，導緻土壤鹽度相同時畦灌處理的棉花齊苗率高齣5.5～7.7箇百分點；4 g/L以上灌溉水礦化度處理的耕層土壤鹽度呈現齣隨灌溉年份增加而纍積的趨勢，因此長期灌溉對棉花齊苗率的負麵影響存在纍積效應。在保證與淡水灌溉相比棉花齊苗率不降低的情況下，畦灌和溝灌處理的適宜造墑水礦化度應分彆控製在6和4g/L以下，正常情況下畦灌較溝灌更有利于棉花齊苗和幼苗生長。該研究為指導噹地鹹水造墑植棉提供參攷。
위대규모개발이용하북저평원천층지하함수，보장면화생산，해문채용휴관화구관2충조상방식，설계5충관개수광화도수평，개전료련속6a적대전함수조상식면시험，분석료불동조상방식하관개수광화도대면화출묘급유묘생장적영향。결과표명，당관개수광화도체도일정수평후면화제묘솔현저강저（P<0.05），유우면화맹발화출묘계단항역성차，면화제묘솔현저강저시적관개수광화도역치년제간차이교대；2충조상방식하면화제묘솔여경층토양염도현저상관（P<0.01），차상관방정적사솔상근，단휴관처리적경층지온화기타토양성상지표우우구관처리，도치토양염도상동시휴관처리적면화제묘솔고출5.5～7.7개백분점；4 g/L이상관개수광화도처리적경층토양염도정현출수관개년빈증가이루적적추세，인차장기관개대면화제묘솔적부면영향존재루적효응。재보증여담수관개상비면화제묘솔불강저적정황하，휴관화구관처리적괄의조상수광화도응분별공제재6화4g/L이하，정상정황하휴관교구관경유리우면화제묘화유묘생장。해연구위지도당지함수조상식면제공삼고。
Due to freshwater resources shortage and annual rainless spring, cotton cultivation in Hebei Low Plain is faced with the problems of using the shallow underground saline water. In order to evaluate the impact of long-term saline water irrigation on cotton seedling, and suggest the suitable irrigation method and irrigation water salinity to ensure optimal cotton full stand establishment, the 6 years field experiment under border irrigation and furrow irrigation with mineralized water before sowing was conducted. The response relations among different salt stress levels and cotton full stand establishment and seedling growing were analyzed in this study. The results showed that the cotton full stand establishment decreased when the salinity of irrigation water reached a threshold value, while the threshold had a large year-to-year fluctuations due to the sprout and emergence stage of cotton which was easy to be affected by multiple factors. Under the same salinity of irrigation water, the full stand establishment of border irrigation treatment was higher than the corresponding furrow irrigation treatment by annual mean 6.9%-13.1%. Under these two irrigation methods, the full stand establishment were significantly related to the soil salinity (P<0.01), and the slopes of the dependent equations were similar. However, the ground temperature and some other soil characters were both better in border irrigation treatments, which brought a 5.5-7.7 percentage point higher full stand establishment occurred in the border irrigation treatments under the same soil salinity. Although the salinity of topsoil was easily affected by factors such as rainfall, the soil salinity of treatments presented an accumulation trend with the increase of irrigation years when the salinity of irrigation water beyond 4 g/L, therefore, there is a cumulatively negative impact of long-term irrigation upon cotton emergence. With the increasing salinity of irrigation water, cotton seedling process was delayed, and plant height, leaf area and weight of dry matter etc. were all inhibited, especially for the leaf area. Cotton seedlings grew better in border irrigation treatment when the salinity of pre-sowing irrigation water was below 8 g/L rather than in furrow irrigation treatment. To keep the full stand establishment in consistent with the fresh water irrigation treatment, suitable salinity of irrigation water for border irrigation and furrow irrigation should be controlled below 6 g/L and 4 g/L, respectively. Under such condition, cotton seedling process might be delayed, and the growth of cotton seedling was overall inhibited. In conclusion, to obtain higher cotton full stand establishment and better seedling growth, border irrigation and irrigation water with salinity of lower than 6 g/L were recommended for pre-sowing irrigation;or to save water, furrow irrigation and irrigation water with salinity of lower than 4 g/L were recommended. The study provides an important reference for directing local cotton production under pre-sowing irrigation with saline water.
