CAJ | 학술논문

以提高秸秆饲料的消化率和适口性为目的，该研究1）以干玉米秸秆为材料，接种木质纤维素分解菌复合系WDC2，进行高温分解发酵；2）以乳酸菌复合系SFC-2为接种物，进行乳酸菌液体发酵；3）将乳酸菌发酵液以质量体积比1∶1比例均匀喷洒到发酵秸秆中，制备发酵秸秆饲料。该研究从营养学和分子生态学角度探讨了高温分解与乳酸菌分步发酵提高秸秆饲料消化率和及适口性的可行性。结果表明，经高温分解发酵，秸秆中微生物多样性丰富，不含致病菌。以南阳黄牛为研究对象，秸秆的干物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维体外消化率分别提高了13.94%、22.56%和21.12%，采食量提高21.71%；部分分解的秸秆经乳酸菌发酵液吸附后，粗蛋白增加36.17%。秸秆的高温分解发酵与乳酸菌的乳酸发酵相结合的饲料制作工艺，即提高了秸秆的消化率和营养价值，也改善了秸秆的适口性。
이제고갈간사료적소화솔화괄구성위목적，해연구1）이간옥미갈간위재료，접충목질섬유소분해균복합계WDC2，진행고온분해발효；2）이유산균복합계SFC-2위접충물，진행유산균액체발효；3）장유산균발효액이질량체적비1∶1비례균균분쇄도발효갈간중，제비발효갈간사료。해연구종영양학화분자생태학각도탐토료고온분해여유산균분보발효제고갈간사료소화솔화급괄구성적가행성。결과표명，경고온분해발효，갈간중미생물다양성봉부，불함치병균。이남양황우위연구대상，갈간적간물질、중성세조섬유화산성세조섬유체외소화솔분별제고료13.94%、22.56%화21.12%，채식량제고21.71%；부분분해적갈간경유산균발효액흡부후，조단백증가36.17%。갈간적고온분해발효여유산균적유산발효상결합적사료제작공예，즉제고료갈간적소화솔화영양개치，야개선료갈간적괄구성。
In China, about 7.0×108 t of crop straws may be collected annually, and the amount suitable for converting to feed was approximately accounted for 85.67%. However, low digestibility and protein content prevent its use in feedlots, much of these materials were disposed by burning, which resulted in environmental pollution. A matrix formed by lignin and hemicellulose surrounds the orderly cellulose microfibrils and reduces their digestibility. The breakdown of the bonds between lignin and cellulose is the key to transform the lignocellulosic substrate into a high quality feed for ruminants. Studies have provided various results that removal of lignin enhanced the digestibility of straws. Although hemicellulose has higher potential digestibility than the other cell wall components, its degradation was not maximized because it concentrated in the primary wall, and no research results has been provided that the removal of hemicelluloses enhanced the digestibility. In order to improve the digestibility and nutrition value of air-dried corn stalk, and to develop a convenient and practical straw feed processing technology, experiments were carried out as follows:1) Corn stalk was fermented at 60℃in a feed fermentation machine for 5 days, after the moisture content of which was adjusted to 60%, and hemicellulose-degrading microflora WDC2 was inoculated in them; 2) Lactic acid bacteria community S FC-2 was cultivated in a fermentation tank, the working volume of which was 30 L; 3) Culture broth of SFC-2 was sprayed evenly on the corn stalk being partially degraded, at the rate of 1:1 (m/v) to produce fermented straw feed. In this study, the feasibility of bioconversion of straw as forage by dividing the fermentation into lignocellulose decomposition of corn stalk and malolactic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, was discussed from the nutriology and the molecular ecology. The results indicated that after 5 days high-temperature fermentation, the degradation rates of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin were 5.36%, 18.83% and 3.29%, respectively, and in vitro digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber improved by 13.94%, 22.56% and 21.12%, respectively. In addition, dry matter, crude protein and water soluble carbohydrate content, as well as in vitro degradation rate showed that the quality of products was stable during the continuous fermentation. The results of PCR-DGGE indicated that the diversity of microorganisms in the decomposed straw was very abundant, however, no pathogenic bacteria was detected. Meanwhile, during the continuous fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, the microbial composition of the lactic acid bacteria community, OD600 and pH value of the culture broth were all stable. However, lactic acid and ethanol content were decreased and acetic acid was increased as the cultivate time. Which indicated that the period of continuous fermentation should be controlled in 10 days for more lactic acid and less acetic acid. Compared with the untreated stalk, the crude protein content of the partially decomposed stalk mixed with the culture broth of SFC-2 increased by 36.17%. Twelve Nanyang cattles were used as experimental animal to determinate their feed intake on the treated straw, the results showed that the dry matter intake increased by 21.71%, compared to the untreated treatment. In conclusion, by coupling lignocellulose decomposition of corn stalk and malolactic fermentation of lactic acid bacteria, both digestibility and nutritive value of corn stalk and dry matter intake of beef cattle on it were improved.