CAJ | 학술논문

对我国主要玉米产区亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis越冬代幼虫天敌和病原菌的寄生情况进行了调查。通过2年秋季采集14个省，20个点共计14984头玉米螟越冬幼虫，在室内（26±1）℃，RH（70%±10%），光周期16L：8D的环境中饲养。明确了主要病原菌苏云金芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis和白僵菌Beauveria bassiana及主要寄生性天敌昆虫腰带长体茧蜂Macrocentrus cingulum、玉米螟厉寄蝇Lydella grisescens和大螟钝唇姬蜂 Eriborus terebranus 在各地的寄生率。各地越冬幼虫平均感染苏云金芽孢杆菌死亡率为36.2%，感染白僵菌死亡率为14.4%。苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌的感染率在东北春玉米区年度间有波动，而在夏玉米及其它玉米产区，苏云金芽孢杆菌的感染率显著高于白僵菌。腰带长体茧蜂和玉米螟厉寄蝇在各地普遍分布，为优势寄生性天敌昆虫，寄生致死率分别为7.0%和5.1%。大螟钝唇姬蜂仅在北方春玉米区的海伦、沈阳、应县和夏玉米区的保定等少数地区发生，且寄生率＜1.0%。与天敌昆虫寄生死亡率相比，感染病原菌的死亡率显著较高，但年度间波动较大。由此可知，苏云金芽孢杆菌和白僵菌是玉米主产区亚洲玉米螟越冬幼虫的主要致死因子，且具有波动性；腰带长体茧蜂和玉米螟厉寄蝇是相对稳定的致死因子，大螟钝唇姬蜂具有区域特异性。
대아국주요옥미산구아주옥미명Ostrinia furnacalis월동대유충천활화병원균적기생정황진행료조사。통과2년추계채집14개성，20개점공계14984두옥미명월동유충，재실내（26±1）℃，RH（70%±10%），광주기16L：8D적배경중사양。명학료주요병원균소운금아포간균Bacillus thuringiensis화백강균Beauveria bassiana급주요기생성천활곤충요대장체충봉Macrocentrus cingulum、옥미명려기승Lydella grisescens화대명둔진희봉 Eriborus terebranus 재각지적기생솔。각지월동유충평균감염소운금아포간균사망솔위36.2%，감염백강균사망솔위14.4%。소운금아포간균화백강균적감염솔재동북춘옥미구년도간유파동，이재하옥미급기타옥미산구，소운금아포간균적감염솔현저고우백강균。요대장체충봉화옥미명려기승재각지보편분포，위우세기생성천활곤충，기생치사솔분별위7.0%화5.1%。대명둔진희봉부재북방춘옥미구적해륜、침양、응현화하옥미구적보정등소수지구발생，차기생솔＜1.0%。여천활곤충기생사망솔상비，감염병원균적사망솔현저교고，단년도간파동교대。유차가지，소운금아포간균화백강균시옥미주산구아주옥미명월동유충적주요치사인자，차구유파동성；요대장체충봉화옥미명려기승시상대은정적치사인자，대명둔진희봉구유구역특이성。
The parasitoids and entomopathogens in overwintering larvae of Ostrinia furnacalis were investigated in major maize production areas in China. A total of 14984 O. furnacalis larvae were collected from 20 locations in 14 provinces in the falls of 2011 and 2012. The larvae were then reared in the laboratory at (26±1) ℃, RH (70%±10%) and photoperiod 16L:8D. Mortalities resulted from two major entomopathogens, Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, and three parasitic insects, Macrocentrus cingulum, Lydella grisescens, and Eriborus terebranus, were recorded for each location. Averaged mortalities caused by B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana were 36.2%and 14.4%, respectively. The epidemic of B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana were inconsistent among years in northeastern spring maize area. The mortality resulted from B. thuringiensis was significantly higher than that by B. bassiana in summer maize region as well as other regions. M. cingulum and L. grisescens were widespread dominant parasitoids, parasitism averaging across locations were 7.0% and 5.1%, respectively. The ichneumon wasp, E. terebranus, was mainly distributed in the north spring maize area including Hailun, Shenyang, Yingxian and rarely found in summer maize region such as in Baoding, with parasitism less than 1.0%. In conclusion, B. thuringiensis and B. bassiana are dominant natural biological control agents of O. furnacalis overwintering larvae, but showed varied performance. M. cingulum and L. grisescens result in a relatively lower but more consistent parasitism throughout the country. E. terebranus occurs only in specific regions.