CAJ | 학술논문

平沙绿僵菌Metarhizium pingshaense是一种潜力巨大的生防真菌，绿僵菌能否在土壤环境下快速定殖是有效控制地下害虫的重要条件，而孢子萌发是定殖的第一步。本文研究了土壤温、湿度及竹林土、河滩土和农田土等3种土壤类型对绿僵菌孢子萌发的影响，并利用土壤平板法观察了孢子在土壤中的生活周期。结果表明，土壤温度和湿度对孢子萌发影响显著，土壤类型对孢子萌发影响较小。在供试3个土样中，在最适温、湿度条件下，孢子萌发率均可达到80.0%以上。土壤类型不同，适宜孢子萌发所需的温、湿度不同，竹林土最适温度为25℃，随湿度增加孢子萌发率增加，湿度24%时孢子萌发率最高为80.8%；农田土最适温度为25℃，随湿度增加孢子萌发率降低，湿度6%时孢子萌发率最高为86.5%；河滩土最适温度为30℃，随湿度增加孢子萌发率降低，湿度6%时孢子萌发率最高为80.0%。土壤类型与土壤温、湿度的互作对孢子萌发有显著影响，绿僵菌孢子在25℃、土壤湿度12%条件下，12 h开始萌发产生芽管，24～96 h为营养生长期，120～144 h为生殖生长期，之后开始产孢，168 h即可观察到链状分生孢子。
평사록강균Metarhizium pingshaense시일충잠력거대적생방진균，록강균능부재토양배경하쾌속정식시유효공제지하해충적중요조건，이포자맹발시정식적제일보。본문연구료토양온、습도급죽림토、하탄토화농전토등3충토양류형대록강균포자맹발적영향，병이용토양평판법관찰료포자재토양중적생활주기。결과표명，토양온도화습도대포자맹발영향현저，토양류형대포자맹발영향교소。재공시3개토양중，재최괄온、습도조건하，포자맹발솔균가체도80.0%이상。토양류형불동，괄의포자맹발소수적온、습도불동，죽림토최괄온도위25℃，수습도증가포자맹발솔증가，습도24%시포자맹발솔최고위80.8%；농전토최괄온도위25℃，수습도증가포자맹발솔강저，습도6%시포자맹발솔최고위86.5%；하탄토최괄온도위30℃，수습도증가포자맹발솔강저，습도6%시포자맹발솔최고위80.0%。토양류형여토양온、습도적호작대포자맹발유현저영향，록강균포자재25℃、토양습도12%조건하，12 h개시맹발산생아관，24～96 h위영양생장기，120～144 h위생식생장기，지후개시산포，168 h즉가관찰도련상분생포자。
The conidia germination of Metarhizium pingshaense is an important factor to control soil pests. The effects of soil temperature, moisture and type on conidia germination and the life cycle of M. pingshaense in soil were investigated in this research. The results showed the main factors of conidia germination were soil temperature and moisture, followed by soil type. Under the most optimum temperature and humidity condition, the conidia germination ratios were more than 80.0% in bamboo forest soil, farm soil and riverside soil. The optimum temperature and moisture for conidia germination were different in different soil types. In bamboo forest soil, the conidia germination rate increased with soil humidity and reached 80.8%with moisture of 24%at the most optimum temperature of 25℃. In farm soil, the conidia germination rate was negative correlation with the moisture and reached 86.5%with moisture of 6%at the most optimum temperature of 25℃. The most optimum temperature for conidia germination was 30℃ in riverside soil. The conidia germination rate was negative correlation with the moisture and reached 80.0%when the moisture was 6%. The life cycle of M. pingshaense in soil was observed at 25℃and with moisture of 12%. The results showed that germ tubes was produced at 12 h, 24—96 h for the vegetative growth stage, 120—144 h for reproductive growth stage and then initiation of sporulation, catenulate conidia observed at 168 h.