CAJ | 학술논문

发酵床养殖技术是基于控制畜禽粪便排放与污染而发展起来的一种新型养殖技术。通过对不同养殖场发酵床废弃垫料理化性质进行测定,判断其是否能够直接作为有机肥料施用到土壤中。结果表明,废弃垫料中富含有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾等营养元素。其中有机质43．19%~53．95%,全氮2．28%~2．66%,全磷( P2 O5)2．36%~2．70%,全钾(K2O)2．80%~3．62%,均符合国家有机肥料农业行业标准(NY 525—2012)。但废弃垫料中pH值为8．03~8．93, EC为3679~4310μS/cm,大肠杆菌数量在48．00×104~52．00×104 cfu/g之间,沙门氏菌数量在18．33×102~38．33×102 cfu/g之间,种子发芽率指数为15．88%~31．52%。在废弃垫料资源化利用方面,发酵床废弃垫料虽具有有机肥料的基本性质,但是其pH值偏碱性,盐分含量偏高,存在使我国北方土壤碱化、土壤盐渍化风险；大肠杆菌严重超标,具有生物安全隐患；种子发芽率指数低,说明废弃垫料中存在抑制种子萌发的毒素。因此施用前必须对养殖发酵床废弃垫料进行无害化处理。
발효상양식기술시기우공제축금분편배방여오염이발전기래적일충신형양식기술。통과대불동양식장발효상폐기점료이화성질진행측정,판단기시부능구직접작위유궤비료시용도토양중。결과표명,폐기점료중부함유궤질、전담、전린、전갑등영양원소。기중유궤질43．19%~53．95%,전담2．28%~2．66%,전린( P2 O5)2．36%~2．70%,전갑(K2O)2．80%~3．62%,균부합국가유궤비료농업행업표준(NY 525—2012)。단폐기점료중pH치위8．03~8．93, EC위3679~4310μS/cm,대장간균수량재48．00×104~52．00×104 cfu/g지간,사문씨균수량재18．33×102~38．33×102 cfu/g지간,충자발아솔지수위15．88%~31．52%。재폐기점료자원화이용방면,발효상폐기점료수구유유궤비료적기본성질,단시기pH치편감성,염분함량편고,존재사아국북방토양감화、토양염지화풍험；대장간균엄중초표,구유생물안전은환；충자발아솔지수저,설명폐기점료중존재억제충자맹발적독소。인차시용전필수대양식발효상폐기점료진행무해화처리。
Deep-litter-system, as an agricultural rearing technique, can reduce animal manure egesta and pollution and the se-lection and management of raw materials for litter were of great importance. In this trail, different abandon litters’ physical and chemical properties of deep-litter-system were measured in order to obtain an answer whether they could be used in field or not. The results showed that the abandon litters were rich in organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus ( P2 O5 ) and total potassium ( K2 O) were in the range of 43. 19% ~53. 95%, 2. 28% ~2. 66%, 2. 36% ~2. 70% and 2. 80% ~3. 62% respectively. They were all lower than the respective values in the organic fertilizer national standards (NY 525—2012). But these litters had high pH and EC (the pH value were 8. 03~8. 93 and EC were 3 679~4 310 μS/cm) which could bring risk on soil alkalinization and soil salinization in the north of China. The amounts of E. coli were in the range of 48. 00 × 104 ~52. 00 × 104 cfu/g which were higher than control standards of urban wastes for agricultural use (GB 8172—1987). And Salmonella could be detected in these litters which the amount were 18. 33 × 102 ~38. 33 × 102 cfu/g. The contents of GI were in the range of 15. 88% ~31. 52% which was too low. The abandon litters have the fundamental properties of organic fertilizer, and must be harmlessly processed before land utilization for biological safety risks.