安徽林业科技
安徽林業科技
안휘임업과기
ANHUI FORESTRY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
2014年
5期
13-16
,共4页
东北白桦%半同胞子代%表型变异%遗传效应%优良个体
東北白樺%半同胞子代%錶型變異%遺傳效應%優良箇體
동북백화%반동포자대%표형변이%유전효응%우량개체
Betula platyphylla var. Mandshurica%Half-Sib progeny%Phenotypic variations%Genetic effects%Fine individuals
东北白桦是白桦的一个地理变种，具有适应性强、生长快、材质优良、用途广等显著特性。笔者以东北白桦半同胞子代异地保存林为对象，采取固定标准地连续定位测定的方法，探讨了树高、胸径和冠幅等性状的表型变异，综合评价了半同胞子代数量性状的遗传效应，在此基础上，广泛选择优良个体。研究结果表明，半同胞家系间树高、胸径、东西冠幅和南北冠幅4个性状存在一定的变异，平均变异系数分别为4.39%、22.90%、21.23%和25.20%，且树高、胸径和南北冠幅3个性状的差异极显著，东西冠幅差异显著；半同胞子代的数量性状受遗传基因控制程度较强，遗传力较强，遗传分化较小，遗传增益较高，4个性状的遗传力分别为0.983、0.755、0.666和0.796，遗传增益分别为3.21%、13.49%、11.52%和15.93%。综合考虑各项评价指标和各种影响因素，确定MRS03为优良家系。
東北白樺是白樺的一箇地理變種，具有適應性彊、生長快、材質優良、用途廣等顯著特性。筆者以東北白樺半同胞子代異地保存林為對象，採取固定標準地連續定位測定的方法，探討瞭樹高、胸徑和冠幅等性狀的錶型變異，綜閤評價瞭半同胞子代數量性狀的遺傳效應，在此基礎上，廣汎選擇優良箇體。研究結果錶明，半同胞傢繫間樹高、胸徑、東西冠幅和南北冠幅4箇性狀存在一定的變異，平均變異繫數分彆為4.39%、22.90%、21.23%和25.20%，且樹高、胸徑和南北冠幅3箇性狀的差異極顯著，東西冠幅差異顯著；半同胞子代的數量性狀受遺傳基因控製程度較彊，遺傳力較彊，遺傳分化較小，遺傳增益較高，4箇性狀的遺傳力分彆為0.983、0.755、0.666和0.796，遺傳增益分彆為3.21%、13.49%、11.52%和15.93%。綜閤攷慮各項評價指標和各種影響因素，確定MRS03為優良傢繫。
동북백화시백화적일개지리변충，구유괄응성강、생장쾌、재질우량、용도엄등현저특성。필자이동북백화반동포자대이지보존림위대상，채취고정표준지련속정위측정적방법，탐토료수고、흉경화관폭등성상적표형변이，종합평개료반동포자대수량성상적유전효응，재차기출상，엄범선택우량개체。연구결과표명，반동포가계간수고、흉경、동서관폭화남북관폭4개성상존재일정적변이，평균변이계수분별위4.39%、22.90%、21.23%화25.20%，차수고、흉경화남북관폭3개성상적차이겁현저，동서관폭차이현저；반동포자대적수량성상수유전기인공제정도교강，유전력교강，유전분화교소，유전증익교고，4개성상적유전력분별위0.983、0.755、0.666화0.796，유전증익분별위3.21%、13.49%、11.52%화15.93%。종합고필각항평개지표화각충영향인소，학정MRS03위우량가계。
Betula Platyphylla var. Mondshurica is a geographical variety of Betula platyphylla with good adaptability,fast growth,fine texture,and a wide range of uses. In this paper the ex situ conserved forest of the half-sib progeny of Betula Platyphylla var. Mandshurica was the study object and the phenotypic variations of the characters including the tree height, DBH and crown breadth were studied with the method of continuous positioning measurement of fixed sample plots and the genetic effects of the half-sib progeny’s quantitative characters were comprehensively evaluated,and fine individuals were widely selected based on the results. The results showed that there were some variations among the 4 characters of the half-sib progeny families including the tree height,DBH,east-west and north-south crown breadths and the mean variation coefficients were 4.39%,22.90%,21.23% and 25.20% respectively. The differences of the characters including the tree height, DBH and north-south crown breadth were highly significant while that of the east-west crown breadth was significant. The half-sib progeny’s quantitative characters were highly controlled by the genes and have strong heritabilities with low genetic differentiation and high genetic gains. The heritabilities of the 4 characters were 0.983,0.755,0.666 and 0.796 respectively, and their genetic gains were 3.21%,13.49%,11.52% and 15.93% respectively. The family MRS03 was determined to be the finest with all the evaluation indexes and influence factors taken into account.
