干旱地区农业研究
榦旱地區農業研究
간한지구농업연구
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE ARID AREAS
2014年
6期
154-158,194
,共6页
姜净卫%董宝娣%司福艳%王晓明%张秋英%师长海%乔匀周%刘月岩%李全起%刘孟雨
薑淨衛%董寶娣%司福豔%王曉明%張鞦英%師長海%喬勻週%劉月巖%李全起%劉孟雨
강정위%동보제%사복염%왕효명%장추영%사장해%교균주%류월암%리전기%류맹우
杂交谷子%地膜覆盖%光合特性%水分利用效率%产量
雜交穀子%地膜覆蓋%光閤特性%水分利用效率%產量
잡교곡자%지막복개%광합특성%수분이용효솔%산량
hybrid millet%plastic mulching%physiological characteristics%water use efficiency%yield
试验在河北省张家口市农科院宣化试验站（115°3′N ，40°63′E ）进行，研究了露地平地种植、全膜平铺平地种植、沟植不覆盖地膜、垄膜覆盖膜侧沟植4种种植方式下地膜覆盖对张杂谷3号光合作用等生理特征、产量及水分利用的影响。试验结果表明，地膜覆盖使平播及沟植条件下的籽粒产量分别增加13．25％和6．64％，叶片水势提高0．16 MPa和0．09 MPa ，叶片光合速率提高10．87％和15．69％，蒸腾速率提高8．5％和15．95％，气孔导度提高0．0092 mol·m－2·s－1和0．0284 mol·m－2·s－1，叶片水分利用效率提高13．80％和1．80％。从以上结果得出：（1）地膜覆盖改善了植株水分状态，叶片水势和叶绿素含量均提高，植株生长旺盛；使叶片的光合等生理活动维持较高水平；植株水分利用效率提升，从而促进了籽粒产量的显著提高；（2）平播条件下覆膜的增产效果较平地播种、无膜沟植、垄膜沟植更加明显。
試驗在河北省張傢口市農科院宣化試驗站（115°3′N ，40°63′E ）進行，研究瞭露地平地種植、全膜平鋪平地種植、溝植不覆蓋地膜、壟膜覆蓋膜側溝植4種種植方式下地膜覆蓋對張雜穀3號光閤作用等生理特徵、產量及水分利用的影響。試驗結果錶明，地膜覆蓋使平播及溝植條件下的籽粒產量分彆增加13．25％和6．64％，葉片水勢提高0．16 MPa和0．09 MPa ，葉片光閤速率提高10．87％和15．69％，蒸騰速率提高8．5％和15．95％，氣孔導度提高0．0092 mol·m－2·s－1和0．0284 mol·m－2·s－1，葉片水分利用效率提高13．80％和1．80％。從以上結果得齣：（1）地膜覆蓋改善瞭植株水分狀態，葉片水勢和葉綠素含量均提高，植株生長旺盛；使葉片的光閤等生理活動維持較高水平；植株水分利用效率提升，從而促進瞭籽粒產量的顯著提高；（2）平播條件下覆膜的增產效果較平地播種、無膜溝植、壟膜溝植更加明顯。
시험재하북성장가구시농과원선화시험참（115°3′N ，40°63′E ）진행，연구료로지평지충식、전막평포평지충식、구식불복개지막、롱막복개막측구식4충충식방식하지막복개대장잡곡3호광합작용등생리특정、산량급수분이용적영향。시험결과표명，지막복개사평파급구식조건하적자립산량분별증가13．25％화6．64％，협편수세제고0．16 MPa화0．09 MPa ，협편광합속솔제고10．87％화15．69％，증등속솔제고8．5％화15．95％，기공도도제고0．0092 mol·m－2·s－1화0．0284 mol·m－2·s－1，협편수분이용효솔제고13．80％화1．80％。종이상결과득출：（1）지막복개개선료식주수분상태，협편수세화협록소함량균제고，식주생장왕성；사협편적광합등생리활동유지교고수평；식주수분이용효솔제승，종이촉진료자립산량적현저제고；（2）평파조건하복막적증산효과교평지파충、무막구식、롱막구식경가명현。
The experiment was conducted at Xuanhua Station of Zhangjiakou Academy of Agricultural Science (115° 3′N ,40°63′E) ,with the aims of investigating the effect of different plastic mulching patterns on photosynthesis ,grain yield ,and water use efficiency in hybrid millet“Zhang 3” .Four treatments were performed ,including flat planting and no mulching ,full mulching and flat planting ,no mulching and furrow seeding ,and ridge mulching and furrow seeding . Compared with no mulching ,the yield was increased by 13 .25% and 6 .64% ,leaf water potential by 0 .16 MPa and 0 .09 MPa ,photosynthetic rate by 10 .87% and 15 .69% ,transpiration rate by 8 .5% and 15 .95% ,stomatal conduc-tance by 0 .0092 and 0 .0284 mol · m-2 · s-1 , and water use efficiency of leaf by 13 .80% and 1 .80% for plastic mulching in normal and furrow planting patterns ,respectively .The results indicated that plastic mulching could improve the plant water status ,as well as increase the leaf water potential and chlorophyll content ,thus maintaining higher leaves physiological activity ,increasing the water use efficiency ,and achieving a significant higher grain yield .The promoting <br> effect on yield in full mulching and normal planting patterns was better than those in the other three patterns .
