CAJ | 학술논문

基于中国31个省份2852份农村居民家庭问卷调查数据，运用Gini系数等指标，对中国农村居民收入差距现状进行统计测算；从农户家庭基本特征、物质资本、人力资本、政治资本、地理环境和地区差异、家庭人均年收入水平等方面对中国农村居民收入差距及其主要影响因素进行统计分析；对现阶段中国农村居民收入差距适度性相关问题进行问卷调查。研究结果表明：中国农村居民收入差距较大；农户人均年收入及收入差距由于农户家庭特征、人力资本、物质资本、政治资本不同、地理环境和地区差异而存在较大差异；现阶段农村居民收入差距已经超过了合理的界限；“农村劳动力缺少就业技能”和“缺乏农业技术与资金”是造成农民增收难的最主要原因；农村居民对收入差距扩大的承受力较弱，对当前的收入分配状况不满意，但对国家实施的三农政策比较满意；“社会保障”、“教育”和“公共基础设施”是对农村居民不公平的主要表现；“贫富差距过大”是阻碍经济效率的主要风险；“改善城乡二元结构”、“提升农村劳动力整体素质”和“构建城乡均衡的社会保障制度”是缩小城乡收入差距的主要途径。
기우중국31개성빈2852빈농촌거민가정문권조사수거，운용Gini계수등지표，대중국농촌거민수입차거현상진행통계측산；종농호가정기본특정、물질자본、인력자본、정치자본、지리배경화지구차이、가정인균년수입수평등방면대중국농촌거민수입차거급기주요영향인소진행통계분석；대현계단중국농촌거민수입차거괄도성상관문제진행문권조사。연구결과표명：중국농촌거민수입차거교대；농호인균년수입급수입차거유우농호가정특정、인력자본、물질자본、정치자본불동、지리배경화지구차이이존재교대차이；현계단농촌거민수입차거이경초과료합리적계한；“농촌노동력결소취업기능”화“결핍농업기술여자금”시조성농민증수난적최주요원인；농촌거민대수입차거확대적승수력교약，대당전적수입분배상황불만의，단대국가실시적삼농정책비교만의；“사회보장”、“교육”화“공공기출설시”시대농촌거민불공평적주요표현；“빈부차거과대”시조애경제효솔적주요풍험；“개선성향이원결구”、“제승농촌노동력정체소질”화“구건성향균형적사회보장제도”시축소성향수입차거적주요도경。
Based on the 2852 rural residents questionnaires from 31 provinces across China ,this paper measured the present situation of the rural income gap by Gini coefficient and other indicators ;analyzed the statistical estimates of rural income gap and its main influencing factors in terms of basic characteristics of peasant household ,physical capital ,human capital ,political capital ,the geographical environment and regional differences , and rural household incomes per capita ;conducted a questionnaire survey on the moderation of rural income gap related issues at the present stage of China .T he results indicated that rural income gap in China was wide .Different basic characteristics of peasant household ,physical capital , human capital ,political capital ,the geographical environment and regional differences led to different rural income and rural income gap .T he rural residents'income gap at the present stage in China has gone beyond reasonable limits .‘Rural labor lack of employment skills’ and ‘the lack of agricultural technology and capital’ were the main reasons of the difficulties in increasing the income of farmers .Rural residents’ affordability of the widening income gap was weak ,they were not content with the current situation of income distribution ,but satisfied with the policies of agriculture farmer and village .‘Social security’ ,‘education’ and‘public infrastructure’ were the main performance of the unfair to rural residents .‘The gap between rich and poor is too big’ was the main risk hindered economic efficiency .‘To improve the urban‐rural dual structure’ ,‘to improve the whole quality of rural labor force’ and ‘to build a balanced urban‐rural social security system’ were the main ways to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas .