植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
6期
1560-1568
,共9页
于会丽%林治安%李燕婷%袁亮%赵秉强
于會麗%林治安%李燕婷%袁亮%趙秉彊
우회려%림치안%리연정%원량%조병강
小分子有机物%产量%品质%养分吸收
小分子有機物%產量%品質%養分吸收
소분자유궤물%산량%품질%양분흡수
1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds%yie1d%qua1ity%nutrient uPtake
【目的】某些小分子有机物具有良好的渗透、保湿及粘着性,与养分混合喷施可促进作物生长和养分吸收,在农业生产上常被用作肥料助剂,但关于小分子有机物本身对作物生长发育、养分吸收等方面影响的研究目前鲜有报道,本文利用小油菜盆栽试验,喷施不同小分子有机物(山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠、甘氨酸),以研究小分子有机物对作物生长发育、养分吸收的影响和明确不同小分子有机物的最佳喷施浓度。【方法】采用盆栽试验,作物选用小油菜,小分子有机物选用山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸,每种小分子有机物各设4个喷施浓度:山梨醇为30、90、150和300 mg/kg,葡萄糖酸钠为150、300、600和1200 mg/kg,甘氨酸为60、120、250和500 mg/kg,以喷施清水为对照,共13个处理,每个处理四次重复,采用随机区组排列。小油菜三叶期开始喷施,之后每隔7天喷施一次,共喷施4次。小油菜收获后,测定生物量、叶片SPAD值以及植株硝态氮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白与氮、磷、钾养分的含量,分析喷施小分子有机物对小油菜产量、品质、养分吸收的影响,并采用回归分析方法研究小分子有机物喷施浓度与上述各测定指标的相关性。【结果】1)与对照(喷清水)相比,喷施山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸的小油菜生物量平均增加了9.80%、26.37%、25.40%,其中,以喷施山梨醇300 mg/kg、葡萄糖酸钠600 mg/kg和甘氨酸250 mg/kg的小油菜生物量增幅最大,分别为25.60%、31.87%、35.87%;2)与喷清水对照相比,喷施3种小分子有机物均可改善小油菜品质、促进养分吸收,其中,喷施适宜浓度的山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸可显著降低小油菜硝态氮含量,明显提高可溶性糖含量和SPAD值,显著促进小油菜对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收;3)根据回归分析结果,3种小分子有机物喷施浓度与小油菜生物量、品质和养分吸收量均呈二次曲线相关,表明在适宜的喷施浓度下,山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸均具有促进作物生长和吸收养分的作用,其中,以山梨醇150300 mg/kg、葡萄糖酸钠6001200 mg/kg、甘氨酸120250 mg/kg喷施效果最佳。【结论】小分子有机物山梨醇、葡萄糖酸钠和甘氨酸叶面喷施可促进小油菜生长和对养分(氮、磷、钾)的吸收、提高产量、改善品质,可作为作物的叶面有机营养剂直接施用,并可进一步研究作为有机水溶性肥料的助剂。
【目的】某些小分子有機物具有良好的滲透、保濕及粘著性,與養分混閤噴施可促進作物生長和養分吸收,在農業生產上常被用作肥料助劑,但關于小分子有機物本身對作物生長髮育、養分吸收等方麵影響的研究目前鮮有報道,本文利用小油菜盆栽試驗,噴施不同小分子有機物(山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉、甘氨痠),以研究小分子有機物對作物生長髮育、養分吸收的影響和明確不同小分子有機物的最佳噴施濃度。【方法】採用盆栽試驗,作物選用小油菜,小分子有機物選用山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉和甘氨痠,每種小分子有機物各設4箇噴施濃度:山梨醇為30、90、150和300 mg/kg,葡萄糖痠鈉為150、300、600和1200 mg/kg,甘氨痠為60、120、250和500 mg/kg,以噴施清水為對照,共13箇處理,每箇處理四次重複,採用隨機區組排列。小油菜三葉期開始噴施,之後每隔7天噴施一次,共噴施4次。小油菜收穫後,測定生物量、葉片SPAD值以及植株硝態氮、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白與氮、燐、鉀養分的含量,分析噴施小分子有機物對小油菜產量、品質、養分吸收的影響,併採用迴歸分析方法研究小分子有機物噴施濃度與上述各測定指標的相關性。【結果】1)與對照(噴清水)相比,噴施山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉和甘氨痠的小油菜生物量平均增加瞭9.80%、26.37%、25.40%,其中,以噴施山梨醇300 mg/kg、葡萄糖痠鈉600 mg/kg和甘氨痠250 mg/kg的小油菜生物量增幅最大,分彆為25.60%、31.87%、35.87%;2)與噴清水對照相比,噴施3種小分子有機物均可改善小油菜品質、促進養分吸收,其中,噴施適宜濃度的山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉和甘氨痠可顯著降低小油菜硝態氮含量,明顯提高可溶性糖含量和SPAD值,顯著促進小油菜對氮、燐、鉀養分的吸收;3)根據迴歸分析結果,3種小分子有機物噴施濃度與小油菜生物量、品質和養分吸收量均呈二次麯線相關,錶明在適宜的噴施濃度下,山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉和甘氨痠均具有促進作物生長和吸收養分的作用,其中,以山梨醇150300 mg/kg、葡萄糖痠鈉6001200 mg/kg、甘氨痠120250 mg/kg噴施效果最佳。【結論】小分子有機物山梨醇、葡萄糖痠鈉和甘氨痠葉麵噴施可促進小油菜生長和對養分(氮、燐、鉀)的吸收、提高產量、改善品質,可作為作物的葉麵有機營養劑直接施用,併可進一步研究作為有機水溶性肥料的助劑。
【목적】모사소분자유궤물구유량호적삼투、보습급점착성,여양분혼합분시가촉진작물생장화양분흡수,재농업생산상상피용작비료조제,단관우소분자유궤물본신대작물생장발육、양분흡수등방면영향적연구목전선유보도,본문이용소유채분재시험,분시불동소분자유궤물(산리순、포도당산납、감안산),이연구소분자유궤물대작물생장발육、양분흡수적영향화명학불동소분자유궤물적최가분시농도。【방법】채용분재시험,작물선용소유채,소분자유궤물선용산리순、포도당산납화감안산,매충소분자유궤물각설4개분시농도:산리순위30、90、150화300 mg/kg,포도당산납위150、300、600화1200 mg/kg,감안산위60、120、250화500 mg/kg,이분시청수위대조,공13개처리,매개처리사차중복,채용수궤구조배렬。소유채삼협기개시분시,지후매격7천분시일차,공분시4차。소유채수획후,측정생물량、협편SPAD치이급식주초태담、가용성당、가용성단백여담、린、갑양분적함량,분석분시소분자유궤물대소유채산량、품질、양분흡수적영향,병채용회귀분석방법연구소분자유궤물분시농도여상술각측정지표적상관성。【결과】1)여대조(분청수)상비,분시산리순、포도당산납화감안산적소유채생물량평균증가료9.80%、26.37%、25.40%,기중,이분시산리순300 mg/kg、포도당산납600 mg/kg화감안산250 mg/kg적소유채생물량증폭최대,분별위25.60%、31.87%、35.87%;2)여분청수대조상비,분시3충소분자유궤물균가개선소유채품질、촉진양분흡수,기중,분시괄의농도적산리순、포도당산납화감안산가현저강저소유채초태담함량,명현제고가용성당함량화SPAD치,현저촉진소유채대담、린、갑양분적흡수;3)근거회귀분석결과,3충소분자유궤물분시농도여소유채생물량、품질화양분흡수량균정이차곡선상관,표명재괄의적분시농도하,산리순、포도당산납화감안산균구유촉진작물생장화흡수양분적작용,기중,이산리순150300 mg/kg、포도당산납6001200 mg/kg、감안산120250 mg/kg분시효과최가。【결론】소분자유궤물산리순、포도당산납화감안산협면분시가촉진소유채생장화대양분(담、린、갑)적흡수、제고산량、개선품질,가작위작물적협면유궤영양제직접시용,병가진일보연구작위유궤수용성비료적조제。
Objectives]Some 1ow-mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds are wide1y used as ferti1izer assistants in fo1iar ferti1izers for their good humectants,Penetrative and adhesive ProPerties. However,1itt1e attentions have been Paid to their effects on P1ant growth and nutrients uPtake unti1 now. Therefor,the effects of sPraying 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds( sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine)on the growth and nutrients uPtake and their oPtimum aPP1ication rate were studied in this PaPer.[Methods]A Pot exPeriment was conducted with raPe( Brassica Chinensis L. )as matira1. Water was sPrayed as contro1(CK),four sPraying densities of sorbito1(30,90,150 and 300 mg/kg),sodium g1uconate(150,300,600 and 1200 mg/kg)and g1ycine(60,120,250 and 500 mg/kg) were designed with four reP1ications each treatment. Treatments were imP1emented since the beginning of three-1eaf stage of raPe and four sPrayings continued with a frequency of every seven days. The raPe biomass,1eaf SPAD va1ues and contents of nitrate,so1ub1e sugar,so1ub1e Protein and main nutrients of raPe were measured.[Results]1)ComPared with contro1,the raPe biomass were increased by 9. 80%,26. 37% and 25. 40% in the treatment of sPraying sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine,and the best sPraying density of sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine were 300 mg/kg,600 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg,and the raPe yie1ds were increased by 25. 60%,31. 87%and 35. 87%,resPective1y. 2 )ComPared with contro1,sPraying ProPer 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds cou1d imProve the nutrients( N,P,K)uPtake,enhance the contents of so1ub1e sugar and Protein,Promote SPAD va1ues and decrease the nitrate content of raPe obvious1y. 3)The corre1ation ana1ysis showed that there was a significant corre1ation of quadratic curve between the sPraying concentration of the 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds and the biomass,nutrients uPtake caPacity and qua1ity of raPe,resPective1y,which indicated that the oPtima1 aPP1ication rate of sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine were 150 -300 mg/kg,600 -1200 mg/kg and 120 -250 mg/kg, resPective1y.[Conclusions]SPraying 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds( sorbito1,sodium g1uconate and g1ycine) cou1d increase the biomass,imProve the qua1ity and enhance nutrients( N,P,K ) uPtake of raPe. The 1ow mo1ecu1ar organic comPounds can be sPrayed direct1y to P1ant 1eaves as the organic nutrients as we11 as assistants in ferti1izers.