植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
6期
1395-1402
,共8页
廖敦平%雍太文%刘小明%杨峰%苏本营%杨文钰
廖敦平%雍太文%劉小明%楊峰%囌本營%楊文鈺
료돈평%옹태문%류소명%양봉%소본영%양문옥
套作%根系分隔%玉米%干物质积累%氮素吸收
套作%根繫分隔%玉米%榦物質積纍%氮素吸收
투작%근계분격%옥미%간물질적루%담소흡수
re1ay intercroPPing%maize%dry matter accumu1ation%nitrogen uPtake
【目的】利用根系分隔技术,研究不同需氮特性的旋花科、豆科作物与玉米套作后,玉米的生长特性与养分吸收差异及其增产机理。【方法】采用石英砂培盆栽试验,二因素完全随机试验设计。以玉米-大豆、玉米-甘薯两种套作模式为研究对象,设计不分隔、部分分隔、完全分隔三种隔根方式。分析不同套作模式下不同隔根方式对玉米地下根系活力、根系生物量及地上植株叶片光合特性、籽粒产量和吸氮量的影响。【结果】1)不同种植模式对玉米生长有显著影响,不分隔处理时,与大豆套作的玉米根系活力、籽粒重及地上植株总吸氮显著高于与甘薯套作的玉米,分别高6.25%、8.69%和18.89%;部分分隔或完全分隔时,两套作处理间差异不显著( P>0.05)。2)隔根方式影响玉米的物质积累及籽粒产量,表现为不分隔>部分分隔>完全分隔。3)不分隔有助于促进共生玉米生长,但不同套作模式的影响效果不一致;玉米-大豆套作处理下,不分隔处理的玉米根系活力、净光合速率、籽粒产量和总吸氮量均高于隔根处理,比完全分隔处理的分别高25.65%、27.31%、64.69%和71.65%;玉米-甘薯套作下增加幅度为17.59%、19.83%、52.38%和46.21%,分别比玉米-大豆套作处理低31.44%、27.39%、19.03%和35.51%。4)相关分析表明,两种套作处理玉米地下根系干重与地上植株干物质重、叶片光合速率及籽粒重显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.984、0.927和0.986( P<0.01);且地下根系活力与地上植株叶片净光合速率显著正相关,相关系数达0.929(P<0.01)。【结论】种植模式和隔根方式显著影响了玉米的物质积累及氮素吸收。根系不分隔时,玉米-大豆套作处理下玉米的根系活力、净光合速率、生物量、籽粒产量及总吸氮量显著高于玉米-甘薯套作;隔根处理导致的生物量和吸氮量下降主要是由根系活力降低引起的。与玉米-甘薯套作相比,大豆促进了玉米根系活力的提高,有效调节了玉米地上部植株光合作用及干物质积累,实现产量和氮素吸收的增加。
【目的】利用根繫分隔技術,研究不同需氮特性的鏇花科、豆科作物與玉米套作後,玉米的生長特性與養分吸收差異及其增產機理。【方法】採用石英砂培盆栽試驗,二因素完全隨機試驗設計。以玉米-大豆、玉米-甘藷兩種套作模式為研究對象,設計不分隔、部分分隔、完全分隔三種隔根方式。分析不同套作模式下不同隔根方式對玉米地下根繫活力、根繫生物量及地上植株葉片光閤特性、籽粒產量和吸氮量的影響。【結果】1)不同種植模式對玉米生長有顯著影響,不分隔處理時,與大豆套作的玉米根繫活力、籽粒重及地上植株總吸氮顯著高于與甘藷套作的玉米,分彆高6.25%、8.69%和18.89%;部分分隔或完全分隔時,兩套作處理間差異不顯著( P>0.05)。2)隔根方式影響玉米的物質積纍及籽粒產量,錶現為不分隔>部分分隔>完全分隔。3)不分隔有助于促進共生玉米生長,但不同套作模式的影響效果不一緻;玉米-大豆套作處理下,不分隔處理的玉米根繫活力、淨光閤速率、籽粒產量和總吸氮量均高于隔根處理,比完全分隔處理的分彆高25.65%、27.31%、64.69%和71.65%;玉米-甘藷套作下增加幅度為17.59%、19.83%、52.38%和46.21%,分彆比玉米-大豆套作處理低31.44%、27.39%、19.03%和35.51%。4)相關分析錶明,兩種套作處理玉米地下根繫榦重與地上植株榦物質重、葉片光閤速率及籽粒重顯著正相關,相關繫數分彆為0.984、0.927和0.986( P<0.01);且地下根繫活力與地上植株葉片淨光閤速率顯著正相關,相關繫數達0.929(P<0.01)。【結論】種植模式和隔根方式顯著影響瞭玉米的物質積纍及氮素吸收。根繫不分隔時,玉米-大豆套作處理下玉米的根繫活力、淨光閤速率、生物量、籽粒產量及總吸氮量顯著高于玉米-甘藷套作;隔根處理導緻的生物量和吸氮量下降主要是由根繫活力降低引起的。與玉米-甘藷套作相比,大豆促進瞭玉米根繫活力的提高,有效調節瞭玉米地上部植株光閤作用及榦物質積纍,實現產量和氮素吸收的增加。
【목적】이용근계분격기술,연구불동수담특성적선화과、두과작물여옥미투작후,옥미적생장특성여양분흡수차이급기증산궤리。【방법】채용석영사배분재시험,이인소완전수궤시험설계。이옥미-대두、옥미-감서량충투작모식위연구대상,설계불분격、부분분격、완전분격삼충격근방식。분석불동투작모식하불동격근방식대옥미지하근계활력、근계생물량급지상식주협편광합특성、자립산량화흡담량적영향。【결과】1)불동충식모식대옥미생장유현저영향,불분격처리시,여대두투작적옥미근계활력、자립중급지상식주총흡담현저고우여감서투작적옥미,분별고6.25%、8.69%화18.89%;부분분격혹완전분격시,량투작처리간차이불현저( P>0.05)。2)격근방식영향옥미적물질적루급자립산량,표현위불분격>부분분격>완전분격。3)불분격유조우촉진공생옥미생장,단불동투작모식적영향효과불일치;옥미-대두투작처리하,불분격처리적옥미근계활력、정광합속솔、자립산량화총흡담량균고우격근처리,비완전분격처리적분별고25.65%、27.31%、64.69%화71.65%;옥미-감서투작하증가폭도위17.59%、19.83%、52.38%화46.21%,분별비옥미-대두투작처리저31.44%、27.39%、19.03%화35.51%。4)상관분석표명,량충투작처리옥미지하근계간중여지상식주간물질중、협편광합속솔급자립중현저정상관,상관계수분별위0.984、0.927화0.986( P<0.01);차지하근계활력여지상식주협편정광합속솔현저정상관,상관계수체0.929(P<0.01)。【결론】충식모식화격근방식현저영향료옥미적물질적루급담소흡수。근계불분격시,옥미-대두투작처리하옥미적근계활력、정광합속솔、생물량、자립산량급총흡담량현저고우옥미-감서투작;격근처리도치적생물량화흡담량하강주요시유근계활력강저인기적。여옥미-감서투작상비,대두촉진료옥미근계활력적제고,유효조절료옥미지상부식주광합작용급간물질적루,실현산량화담소흡수적증가。
Objectives]A root barrier technique was attemPted to investigate the difference of growth and nitrogen uPtake of maize which were re1ay intercroPPed with 1egume and convo1vu1aceae croPs,the yie1d increase mechanism of intercroPPing system on maize wou1d be exP1ored.[Methods]Water cu1ture exPeriment was carried out with 2 x 3 randomized comP1ete b1ock design. Maize were re1ay intercroPPed with soybean and sweet Potato seParate1y,three root Partitions(no Partition,Partia1 root Partition and comP1ete root Partition)were used. The root activity,root dry matter,1eaf Photosynthetic characteristics,grain yie1d and N uPtake were investigated.[Results]1)The re1ay intercroPPing Patterns significant1y affected on maize growth(P<0. 05). The root activity,grain weight and above-ground tota1 N uPtake of maize were 6. 25%,8. 69% and 18. 89% significant1y higher when re1ay intercroPPed with soybean than with sweet Potato under without root barrier treatment,resPective1y. However,the differences were not significant under root barrier treatments( P>0. 05 ). 2 )The dry matter accumu1ation and grain yie1d of maize were affected by the root barrier treatments,showing order of no root Partition>Partia1 root Partition>comP1ete root Partition. 3)No root Partition treatment cou1d imProve the growth of intercroPPed maize. In maize-soybean intercroPPing,the root activity,Photosynthetic rate,grain yie1d and tota1 N uPtake of maize was higher in treatments of without root Partia1 than with barrier,their differences were 25. 65%,28. 45%,64. 69% and 71. 65%,resPective1y. In maize-sweet Potato re1ay intercroPPing,their differences were 17. 59%、19. 83%、52. 38% and 46. 21%,resPective1y. 4 ) The root biomass are Positive significant1y corre1ated with the above-ground biomass,the Photosynthetic rate and the grain yie1d,the corre1ation indexes are 0. 984,0. 927 and 0. 986, resPective1y(P<0. 01). The root activity is Positive significant1y corre1ated with Photosynthetic rate, the corre1ation index is 0. 929(P<0. 01).[Conclusions]The root activity,Photosynthetic rate,biomass,grain yie1d and tota1 N uPtake of maize can significant1y increased,which contributed to the high yie1d and N uPtake of maize. The increase effects are higher when maize are intercroPPed with soybean than with sweet Potato.