植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
6期
1349-1357
,共9页
杜保见%郜红建%常江%章力干
杜保見%郜紅建%常江%章力榦
두보견%고홍건%상강%장력간
小麦%苗期%氮吸收效率%聚类分析
小麥%苗期%氮吸收效率%聚類分析
소맥%묘기%담흡수효솔%취류분석
wheat%seed1ing stage%nitrogen uPtake efficiency%c1uster ana1ysis
【目的】氮肥过量施用，不仅造成氮素大量流失，还增加了农业生产成本，对生态环境带来了巨大的威胁。筛选和培育氮高效小麦品种是提高氮肥利用率、降低环境污染风险的有效途径。本文通过对44个小麦品种苗期性状的考察，初步筛选出具有氮高效潜力的小麦品种。【方法】利用循环营养液培养方法，研究了安徽省44个小麦品种（系）在正常氮（5 mmo1/L）和高氮（45 mmo1/L）条件下苗期氮素吸收利用效率的差异。采用隶属函数法将评价指标数据进行标准化，区间为[0，1]；而后采用客观赋权法将标准化后的数据整合成一个无量纲的综合值，最后基于综合值运用最短距离法、欧氏距离平方聚类分析方法，将44个小麦品种划分成不同的氮效率类型。【结果】在两种供氮水平下，不同小麦品种的茎叶干重、根干重、叶面积、茎叶氮累积量和根氮累积量存在显著性差异，其变异系数分别在27.9%33.7%和21.5%32.8%之间，可作为小麦苗期氮效率的评价指标。小麦苗期氮效率综合值在正常氮和高氮水平下分别在0.0530.920和0.0010.853之间，其中“鉴76”在正常氮和高氮条件下的氮效率综合值均大于80%。通过隶属函数氮效率综合值及其聚类分析，将44个供试小麦品种分为氮高效型、氮中效型和氮低效型三类；其中“扬麦16“和“鉴76”在正常氮和高氮条件下均表现为高效型，“皖麦68”、“F60501-4”、“鉴62”和“安农1026”只在高氮条件下表现为高效型。氮高效型、氮中效型、氮低效型小麦品种在正常供氮和高氮条件下分别占供试品种总数的4.54%、54.55%、40.91%和13.63%、38.64、47.73%。【结论】在正常供氮和高氮条件下，44个供试小麦品种的茎叶氮累积量、茎叶干重、根部氮累积量、根部干重和叶面积存在显著性差异，可以作为小麦苗期氮效率评价指标；初步确定“扬麦16”和“鉴76”为正常供氮和高氮条件下的氮高效型品种，“皖麦68”、“F60501-4”、“鉴62”和“安农1026”为高氮条件下的氮高效型品种。
【目的】氮肥過量施用，不僅造成氮素大量流失，還增加瞭農業生產成本，對生態環境帶來瞭巨大的威脅。篩選和培育氮高效小麥品種是提高氮肥利用率、降低環境汙染風險的有效途徑。本文通過對44箇小麥品種苗期性狀的攷察，初步篩選齣具有氮高效潛力的小麥品種。【方法】利用循環營養液培養方法，研究瞭安徽省44箇小麥品種（繫）在正常氮（5 mmo1/L）和高氮（45 mmo1/L）條件下苗期氮素吸收利用效率的差異。採用隸屬函數法將評價指標數據進行標準化，區間為[0，1]；而後採用客觀賦權法將標準化後的數據整閤成一箇無量綱的綜閤值，最後基于綜閤值運用最短距離法、歐氏距離平方聚類分析方法，將44箇小麥品種劃分成不同的氮效率類型。【結果】在兩種供氮水平下，不同小麥品種的莖葉榦重、根榦重、葉麵積、莖葉氮纍積量和根氮纍積量存在顯著性差異，其變異繫數分彆在27.9%33.7%和21.5%32.8%之間，可作為小麥苗期氮效率的評價指標。小麥苗期氮效率綜閤值在正常氮和高氮水平下分彆在0.0530.920和0.0010.853之間，其中“鑒76”在正常氮和高氮條件下的氮效率綜閤值均大于80%。通過隸屬函數氮效率綜閤值及其聚類分析，將44箇供試小麥品種分為氮高效型、氮中效型和氮低效型三類；其中“颺麥16“和“鑒76”在正常氮和高氮條件下均錶現為高效型，“皖麥68”、“F60501-4”、“鑒62”和“安農1026”隻在高氮條件下錶現為高效型。氮高效型、氮中效型、氮低效型小麥品種在正常供氮和高氮條件下分彆佔供試品種總數的4.54%、54.55%、40.91%和13.63%、38.64、47.73%。【結論】在正常供氮和高氮條件下，44箇供試小麥品種的莖葉氮纍積量、莖葉榦重、根部氮纍積量、根部榦重和葉麵積存在顯著性差異，可以作為小麥苗期氮效率評價指標；初步確定“颺麥16”和“鑒76”為正常供氮和高氮條件下的氮高效型品種，“皖麥68”、“F60501-4”、“鑒62”和“安農1026”為高氮條件下的氮高效型品種。
【목적】담비과량시용，불부조성담소대량류실，환증가료농업생산성본，대생태배경대래료거대적위협。사선화배육담고효소맥품충시제고담비이용솔、강저배경오염풍험적유효도경。본문통과대44개소맥품충묘기성상적고찰，초보사선출구유담고효잠력적소맥품충。【방법】이용순배영양액배양방법，연구료안휘성44개소맥품충（계）재정상담（5 mmo1/L）화고담（45 mmo1/L）조건하묘기담소흡수이용효솔적차이。채용대속함수법장평개지표수거진행표준화，구간위[0，1]；이후채용객관부권법장표준화후적수거정합성일개무량강적종합치，최후기우종합치운용최단거리법、구씨거리평방취류분석방법，장44개소맥품충화분성불동적담효솔류형。【결과】재량충공담수평하，불동소맥품충적경협간중、근간중、협면적、경협담루적량화근담루적량존재현저성차이，기변이계수분별재27.9%33.7%화21.5%32.8%지간，가작위소맥묘기담효솔적평개지표。소맥묘기담효솔종합치재정상담화고담수평하분별재0.0530.920화0.0010.853지간，기중“감76”재정상담화고담조건하적담효솔종합치균대우80%。통과대속함수담효솔종합치급기취류분석，장44개공시소맥품충분위담고효형、담중효형화담저효형삼류；기중“양맥16“화“감76”재정상담화고담조건하균표현위고효형，“환맥68”、“F60501-4”、“감62”화“안농1026”지재고담조건하표현위고효형。담고효형、담중효형、담저효형소맥품충재정상공담화고담조건하분별점공시품충총수적4.54%、54.55%、40.91%화13.63%、38.64、47.73%。【결론】재정상공담화고담조건하，44개공시소맥품충적경협담루적량、경협간중、근부담루적량、근부간중화협면적존재현저성차이，가이작위소맥묘기담효솔평개지표；초보학정“양맥16”화“감76”위정상공담화고담조건하적담고효형품충，“환맥68”、“F60501-4”、“감62”화“안농1026”위고담조건하적담고효형품충。
Objectives]Excessive aPP1ication of nitrogen ferti1izer 1ead to nitrogen 1oss and cost increase of agricu1tura1 Production. Screening and breeding croP cu1tivars with high nitrogen use efficiency is effective way of increasing nitrogen ferti1izer use efficiency and reducing environmenta1 risks. In this PaPer,44 wheat cu1tivars at the seed1ing stage for their Potentia1 of high nitrogen use efficiency were screened.[Methods]HydroPonic exPeriments were conducted with norma1(5 mmo1/L)and high(45 mmo1/L)nitrogen 1eve1s. Eva1uation indices were standardized by the method of Subordinate function into interva1[ 0 ,1 ],and the standardized data were ca1cu1ated into a dimension1ess integrated va1ues by objective weighting method. Based on the comPrehensive va1ue using the shortest distance method and squared euc1idean distance method of c1ustering ana1ysis,44 wheat cu1tivars were divided into different categories using their nitrogen use efficiency.[Results]There are significant differences in shoot dry weight( SDW),root dry weight( RDW),1eaf area( LA),shoot nitrogen accumu1ation( SNA)and root nitrogen accumu1ation( RNA)of the wheat cu1tivars between the two N suPP1y 1eve1s. The coefficients of variation( CV)of SDW,RDW,LA,SNA and RNA are between 27. 9% -33. 7% and 21. 5% -33. 7% under the norma1 and high nitrogen 1eve1s,resPective1y. The integrated nitrogen use efficiency va1ues( INUEV)under the norma1 and high nitrogen 1eve1s at the seed1ing stage are 0. 053-0. 920 and 0. 001-0. 853,resPective1y. The INUEV of Jian76 wheat cu1tivar is greater than 80% under the both norma1 and high nitrogen 1eve1s. Based on the INUEV and the c1ustering ana1ysis( CA)of INUEV,the 44 wheat cu1tivars are divided into three categories which are high,midd1e and 1ow nitrogen use efficiencies( NUE ). The Yangmai16 and Jian76 be1ong to high NUE category under both norma1 and high nitrogen 1eve1s,and the Wanmai68,F60501-4,Jian62 and Annong1026 be1ong to high NUE wheat cu1tivars on1y under the high nitrogen 1eve1. The wheat cu1tivars with high,midd1e and 1ow nitrogen use efficiencies in the norma1 nitrogen condition account for 4. 54%,54. 55% and 40. 91%,and 13. 63%,38. 64 and 47. 73% high nitrogen condition.[Conclusions]The shoot nitrogen accumu1ation,shoot dry weight,root nitrogen accumu1ation,root dry weight and 1eaf area can be used as indices to eva1uate the Potentia1s of wheat cu1tivars at the seed1ing stage;The Yangmai16 and Jian76 are Pre1iminary confirmed as the wheat cu1tivars with high nitrogen use efficiency in the norma1 and high nitrogen conditions,Wanmai68,F60501-4,Jian62 and Annong1026 as cu1tivars with high nitrogen use efficiency in the high nitrogen conditions.
