植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2014年
6期
1468-1476
,共9页
王华%牛德奎%胡冬南%张炜%郭晓敏
王華%牛德奎%鬍鼕南%張煒%郭曉敏
왕화%우덕규%호동남%장위%곽효민
油茶%铵态氮%硝态氮%氨化细菌%亚硝化细菌%氨化作用%硝化作用
油茶%銨態氮%硝態氮%氨化細菌%亞硝化細菌%氨化作用%硝化作用
유다%안태담%초태담%안화세균%아초화세균%안화작용%초화작용
Camellia oleifera Abe1%ammonium%nitrate%ammonifier%nitrite bacteria%ammonification%nitrification
【目的】氮素的转化、吸收和利用是油茶生长和高产的关键要素。为了研究不同肥料对油茶林土壤氮素含量和相关微生物数量及其生物作用强度的影响，探讨不同肥料对土壤氮素养分循环及土壤微生物类群影响的内在联系，以期为油茶合理施肥提供理论依据和科学指导。【方法】以江西省九江市庐山区海会镇油茶基地赣无油茶无性系（ Camellia oleifera Abe1）为试验对象，设计油茶专用肥（ ZYF）、生物有机肥（ YJF）、复合肥（ FHF）和不施肥（ CK）4个处理，每个处理设3个重复样地。【结果】不同施肥处理油茶林土壤中全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮含量均存在显著差异，全氮年平均含量ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，不同处理土壤全氮含量季节变化均为春季至秋季呈递增趋势，秋季达到最大值。铵态氮年平均含量为ZYF>YJF>FHF>CK，硝态氮年平均量为ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，不同处理铵态氮和硝态氮季节动态变化均不一致。不同施肥处理氨化细菌数量间和亚硝化细菌数量间均存在显著差异，氨化细菌与亚硝化细菌年平均量均为YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。氨化细菌数量秋季最高，冬季最低，但亚硝化细菌数量季节变化不明显。氨化作用强度与硝化作用强度年平均量均为YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。不同处理氨化作用强度均为从春季到秋季呈递增趋势，之后递减，冬季达最小。不同处理硝化作用强度季节动态变化较为复杂。不同施肥处理油茶林土壤中铵态氮含量与土壤氨化细菌数量、氨化作用强度显著相关（ P<0.01）。土壤硝态氮含量与土壤硝化细菌数量、硝化作用强度显著相关（ P<0.01）。FHF、YJF、ZYF 与 CK 相比，油茶单株平均产量分别增加了27.55%、76.10%、77.57%。【结论】施用复合肥、油茶专用肥和生物有机肥对提高土壤氮素含量、微生物群落数量及其生物作用强度以及油茶产量均有显著效果。尤其富含有机质和有益菌的生物有机肥和营养元素更全面的油茶专用肥的效果更佳。因此，在生产实践中应根据实际情况，因地制宜地在施用常规复合肥的同时，增加油茶专用肥和生物有机肥的应用。
【目的】氮素的轉化、吸收和利用是油茶生長和高產的關鍵要素。為瞭研究不同肥料對油茶林土壤氮素含量和相關微生物數量及其生物作用彊度的影響，探討不同肥料對土壤氮素養分循環及土壤微生物類群影響的內在聯繫，以期為油茶閤理施肥提供理論依據和科學指導。【方法】以江西省九江市廬山區海會鎮油茶基地贛無油茶無性繫（ Camellia oleifera Abe1）為試驗對象，設計油茶專用肥（ ZYF）、生物有機肥（ YJF）、複閤肥（ FHF）和不施肥（ CK）4箇處理，每箇處理設3箇重複樣地。【結果】不同施肥處理油茶林土壤中全氮、硝態氮和銨態氮含量均存在顯著差異，全氮年平均含量ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，不同處理土壤全氮含量季節變化均為春季至鞦季呈遞增趨勢，鞦季達到最大值。銨態氮年平均含量為ZYF>YJF>FHF>CK，硝態氮年平均量為ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，不同處理銨態氮和硝態氮季節動態變化均不一緻。不同施肥處理氨化細菌數量間和亞硝化細菌數量間均存在顯著差異，氨化細菌與亞硝化細菌年平均量均為YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。氨化細菌數量鞦季最高，鼕季最低，但亞硝化細菌數量季節變化不明顯。氨化作用彊度與硝化作用彊度年平均量均為YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。不同處理氨化作用彊度均為從春季到鞦季呈遞增趨勢，之後遞減，鼕季達最小。不同處理硝化作用彊度季節動態變化較為複雜。不同施肥處理油茶林土壤中銨態氮含量與土壤氨化細菌數量、氨化作用彊度顯著相關（ P<0.01）。土壤硝態氮含量與土壤硝化細菌數量、硝化作用彊度顯著相關（ P<0.01）。FHF、YJF、ZYF 與 CK 相比，油茶單株平均產量分彆增加瞭27.55%、76.10%、77.57%。【結論】施用複閤肥、油茶專用肥和生物有機肥對提高土壤氮素含量、微生物群落數量及其生物作用彊度以及油茶產量均有顯著效果。尤其富含有機質和有益菌的生物有機肥和營養元素更全麵的油茶專用肥的效果更佳。因此，在生產實踐中應根據實際情況，因地製宜地在施用常規複閤肥的同時，增加油茶專用肥和生物有機肥的應用。
【목적】담소적전화、흡수화이용시유다생장화고산적관건요소。위료연구불동비료대유다림토양담소함량화상관미생물수량급기생물작용강도적영향，탐토불동비료대토양담소양분순배급토양미생물류군영향적내재련계，이기위유다합리시비제공이론의거화과학지도。【방법】이강서성구강시려산구해회진유다기지공무유다무성계（ Camellia oleifera Abe1）위시험대상，설계유다전용비（ ZYF）、생물유궤비（ YJF）、복합비（ FHF）화불시비（ CK）4개처리，매개처리설3개중복양지。【결과】불동시비처리유다림토양중전담、초태담화안태담함량균존재현저차이，전담년평균함량ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，불동처리토양전담함량계절변화균위춘계지추계정체증추세，추계체도최대치。안태담년평균함량위ZYF>YJF>FHF>CK，초태담년평균량위ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK，불동처리안태담화초태담계절동태변화균불일치。불동시비처리안화세균수량간화아초화세균수량간균존재현저차이，안화세균여아초화세균년평균량균위YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。안화세균수량추계최고，동계최저，단아초화세균수량계절변화불명현。안화작용강도여초화작용강도년평균량균위YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK。불동처리안화작용강도균위종춘계도추계정체증추세，지후체감，동계체최소。불동처리초화작용강도계절동태변화교위복잡。불동시비처리유다림토양중안태담함량여토양안화세균수량、안화작용강도현저상관（ P<0.01）。토양초태담함량여토양초화세균수량、초화작용강도현저상관（ P<0.01）。FHF、YJF、ZYF 여 CK 상비，유다단주평균산량분별증가료27.55%、76.10%、77.57%。【결론】시용복합비、유다전용비화생물유궤비대제고토양담소함량、미생물군락수량급기생물작용강도이급유다산량균유현저효과。우기부함유궤질화유익균적생물유궤비화영양원소경전면적유다전용비적효과경가。인차，재생산실천중응근거실제정황，인지제의지재시용상규복합비적동시，증가유다전용비화생물유궤비적응용。
Objectives]Transformation,absorPtion and uti1ization of nitrogen are key e1ements for the growth and high yie1d of Camellia oleifera. The effects of different ferti1izer treatments on soi1 nitrogen content,number of microorganism and bio1ogica1 intensity in Camellia oleifera forest are studied,to revea1 interna1 re1ationshiP between soi1 nutrient cyc1ing and soi1 microbia1 communities,and to Provide theoretica1 basis and scientific guidance for reasonab1e ferti1ization of Camellia oleifera.[Methods]Using‘Ganwu’c1one of Camellia oleifera Abe1 grown in Haihui town,Lushan area of Jiujiang City,Jiangxi Province as exPerimenta1 materia1,this exPeriment was set to 4 different ferti1izer treatments,Camellia sPecia1ty ferti1izer( ZYF),bio-organic ferti1izer( YJF),comPound ferti1izer ( FHF)and no ferti1izer( CK ),3 reP1icates Per treatment.[Results]Under different ferti1izer treatments,the contents of soi1 tota1 nitrogen,ammonium and nitrate vary 1arge1y,and the annua1 average contents of soi1 tota1 nitrogen are in order of ZYF>FHF>YJF>CK. For a11 the treatments,soi1 tota1 nitrogen increases from sPring to autumn with the maximum in autumn. The annua1 average contents of soi1 ammonium are in order of ZYF>YJF>FHF>CK,and those of soi1 nitrate are ZYF > FHF > YJF > CK. The seasona1 variations of the contents of ammonium and nitrate are not consistent in different ferti1izer treatments. Under different ferti1izer treatments,the numbers of ammonifier and nitrite bacteria vary great1y,and the annua1 average numbers of ammonifier and nitrite bacteria are in order:YJF>ZYF>FHF>CK. The numbers of ammonifier have distinct and consistent changes in re1ation to seasona1 variations,reaching the highest in autumn and the 1owest in winter. The numbers of nitrite bacteria do not change obvious1y in re1ation to seasona1 variations. The average annua1 1eve1s of ammonification and nitrification intensities are in:YJF > ZYF > FHF > CK. The changes of ammonification intensity of a11 the treatments begin to increase from sPring and reach the maximum in autumn,and then start to dec1ine,whi1e the changes of nitrification intensity are comP1icated in four seasons. The content of soi1 ammonium is significant1y corre1ated with the number of ammonifer and ammonification intensity ( P<0. 01 ). There are significant corre1ations between the content of soi1 nitrate, the number of nitrite bacteria and nitrification intensity (P<0. 01). ComPared with CK,the average yie1ds of Per P1ant of Camellia oleifera are increased by 27. 55%, 76. 10% and 77. 57% resPective1y under FHF,YJF and ZYF treatments.[Conclusions]The aPP1ication of Camellia sPecia1ty ferti1izer( ZYF ),bio-organic ferti1izer( YJF ),comPound ferti1izer( FHF ) can imProve soi1 nitrogen contents,microbia1 communities and their bio1ogica1 intensity and the yie1d of Camellia oleifera. EsPecia11y the bio-organic ferti1izer with rich organic matter and beneficia1 bacteria and Camellia sPecia1ty ferti1izer with comPrehensive nutrients are better for Camellia oleifera Abe1. Therefore,in the Practice of Production,we shou1d aPP1y the conventiona1 comPound ferti1izer as we11 as the aPP1ication of Camellia sPecia1ty ferti1izer and bio-organic ferti1izer according to actua1 situation and 1oca1 conditions.
