CAJ | 학술논문

针对玉米宽窄行种植模式的农艺要求及特点，设计一种配套的多功能深松施肥机。根据季节特点、施肥位置要求和拖拉机作业形式等条件，设计了深松施肥机，提高肥料利用率，减少机器进地次数和对土壤的压实；该机不仅可以在伏雨到来前在宽行进行深松施肥作业，也可以去除施肥部件，在秋季进行标准深松作业，从而实现一机多用。田间试验结果表明：采用苗带侧200～250 mm处定向施肥，施肥深度50～100 mm，与宽行苗带中间施肥相比，在施肥一个月后，植株高度显著提高10％～13％；在秋季拆分成独立的深松机可实现250～300 mm的深松作业，深松深度的平均变异系数为1．03％，说明该机的工作稳定性好；夏季深松机深松后的土壤平均膨胀度为16．12％，对土壤扰动范围较小，地表没有出现明显的大块与粘条。
침대옥미관착행충식모식적농예요구급특점，설계일충배투적다공능심송시비궤。근거계절특점、시비위치요구화타랍궤작업형식등조건，설계료심송시비궤，제고비료이용솔，감소궤기진지차수화대토양적압실；해궤불부가이재복우도래전재관행진행심송시비작업，야가이거제시비부건，재추계진행표준심송작업，종이실현일궤다용。전간시험결과표명：채용묘대측200～250 mm처정향시비，시비심도50～100 mm，여관행묘대중간시비상비，재시비일개월후，식주고도현저제고10％～13％；재추계탁분성독립적심송궤가실현250～300 mm적심송작업，심송심도적평균변이계수위1．03％，설명해궤적공작은정성호；하계심송궤심송후적토양평균팽창도위16．12％，대토양우동범위교소，지표몰유출현명현적대괴여점조。
A multi-functional machine to complete the deep loosening and fertilizing was designed con-traposing the agronomic requirements and features of wide-narrow-row planting pattern.The subsoiler and the fertilization components were designed according to the season characteristics, location requirements of fer-tilization and the operation form of tractors;it could increase the use rate of fertilizers, and reduce the times of machines entering land to avoid the soil compaction;it could not only be used for deep scarification and fertili-zation in wide rows before the arrival of summer rain, but also operate standard subsoiling in the fall after re-moving the fertilization components, so it could be a machine to achieve several purposes.The field test re-sults showed that compared with intermediate fertilization, fertilizing at 200~250 mm of line side in the depth of 50~100 mm, the plant height increased by 10%~13% in one month.The machine also could be de-tached into independent deep subsoiler to realize 250~300 mm of subsoiling operation in fall;and the average variation coefficient of subsoiling depth was 1 .03% accounting for stable performance of this deep loosening machine.The average degree of swelling after summer subsoiling was 16.12%, and the range of soil disturb-ance was small with no obvious bulk and adhesive tape.