CAJ | 학술논문

基于山东省20个气象站1961-2008年的逐日气象资料，对山东棉区棉花生育期降水量和作物需水量的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明，山东棉区棉花全生育期多年平均降水量在457.7~701.9mm 之间，其空间分布特征为西部、东北部少，由此向东、向南递增，东南部最多。棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的多年平均降水量空间分布与全生育期降水量的分布基本一致。棉花全生育期多年平均作物需水量在499.0~630.9mm之间，其空间分布特征为山东北部、东北部高，由此向东、向南递减，东南、山东半岛南部地区最低。棉花播种期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的多年平均作物需水量的空间分布特征与全生育期作物需水量的分布基本一致。近48年来，棉花全生育期、播种期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期的降水量在大部分站呈减小趋势，而苗期和蕾期则大部分站呈增大趋势，但仅10%站点的变化趋势通过了显著性水平检验。棉花全生育期、苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮成熟期作物需水量各有15、13、20、16和11个站呈减小趋势，而播种期则仅7个站呈减小趋势，且42%站点的变化趋势通过了显著性水平检验。
기우산동성20개기상참1961-2008년적축일기상자료，대산동면구면화생육기강수량화작물수수량적시공변화특정진행료분석。결과표명，산동면구면화전생육기다년평균강수량재457.7~701.9mm 지간，기공간분포특정위서부、동북부소，유차향동、향남체증，동남부최다。면화파충기、묘기、뢰기、화령기화토서성숙기적다년평균강수량공간분포여전생육기강수량적분포기본일치。면화전생육기다년평균작물수수량재499.0~630.9mm지간，기공간분포특정위산동북부、동북부고，유차향동、향남체감，동남、산동반도남부지구최저。면화파충기、묘기、뢰기、화령기화토서성숙기적다년평균작물수수량적공간분포특정여전생육기작물수수량적분포기본일치。근48년래，면화전생육기、파충기、화령기화토서성숙기적강수량재대부분참정감소추세，이묘기화뢰기칙대부분참정증대추세，단부10%참점적변화추세통과료현저성수평검험。면화전생육기、묘기、뢰기、화령기화토서성숙기작물수수량각유15、13、20、16화11개참정감소추세，이파충기칙부7개참정감소추세，차42%참점적변화추세통과료현저성수평검험。
Based on the climate data of 20 stations in Shandong province during the period 1961-2008,the FAO Penman-Monteith formula and the method of crop coefficient calculation were used to estimate the water requirements of cotton for each growth stages.The spatial distribution of mean precipitation and crop water requirement of whole growing period and each growth stages were derived with the inverse dis-tance weighted interpolation method.The temporal trend and abrupt change of both variables mentioned above were detected with the methods of Mann-Kendall and Pettitt test,respectively.The results showed that,the mean precipitation of the cotton whole growth period during past 48 years was ranged from 457.7 to 701.9mm.The spatial distribution of mean precipitation was low in the west and northeast of Shandong province,but high in the southeast,increasing from the west and northwest to southeast.In each growth stages,the patterns of spatial distribution were similar to the precipitation of cotton growth period.The mean crop water requirement of the cotton growth period during past 48 years was ranged from 499.0 to 630.9mm.The spatial distribution of mean crop water requirement was high in the north and northeast Shandong province,but low in the southeast and south of Shandong peninsula,decreasing from the north to south and the south of Shandong peninsula.In each growth stages of cotton,the pat-terns of spatial distribution of water requirements were similar to the whole growth period.During the past 48 years,almost all stations in Shandong province exhibit decreasing trends in precipitation during the cotton growth period and each growth stages,whereas significant trends were detected only at 10% sta-tions.Decreasing trends in crop water requirements were detected at 15,7,13,20,16 and 11 stations during the whole growth period,planting,seedling,first square,first flower and open boll to harvest,re-spectively,and a significant trends were detected at 42% stations.