CAJ | 학술논문

针对汽车缓冲吸能式保险杠在瞬间将汽车撞击产生的动能转化成多向撞击状态，实现多点同步或异步衰减吸收的目的。基于Hypermesh软件建立汽车缓冲吸能式保险杠正面碰撞有限元模型，采用ANSYS/Ls-Dyna求解器对汽车正面撞击速度分别为10 km/h、20 km/h、30 km/h、40 km/h、50 km/h时保险杠的最大应力及缓冲吸能装置的吸能特性进行数值仿真，得到不同撞击速度下的碰撞能量衰变特性曲线，仿真结果表明：碰撞时吸能盒的凹槽处和横梁所受的应力最大，横梁所受的应力有向中心集中分布的规律，当其应力集中到某一程度时，横梁开始从中心处发生折弯；随着撞击动能的增加，吸能比呈先增大后减小的趋势；碰撞过程中，碰撞能量近似线性衰减，随着撞击速度的增加，碰撞能量衰减曲线的斜率急剧增大。
침대기차완충흡능식보험강재순간장기차당격산생적동능전화성다향당격상태，실현다점동보혹이보쇠감흡수적목적。기우Hypermesh연건건립기차완충흡능식보험강정면팽당유한원모형，채용ANSYS/Ls-Dyna구해기대기차정면당격속도분별위10 km/h、20 km/h、30 km/h、40 km/h、50 km/h시보험강적최대응력급완충흡능장치적흡능특성진행수치방진，득도불동당격속도하적팽당능량쇠변특성곡선，방진결과표명：팽당시흡능합적요조처화횡량소수적응력최대，횡량소수적응력유향중심집중분포적규률，당기응력집중도모일정도시，횡량개시종중심처발생절만；수착당격동능적증가，흡능비정선증대후감소적추세；팽당과정중，팽당능량근사선성쇠감，수착당격속도적증가，팽당능량쇠감곡선적사솔급극증대。
For energy-absorbing bumpers of automotive turning impact kinetic energy into multiple impact condition in an instant and realizing the purpose of multiple point synchronous or asynchronous absorption, the Hypermesh software was used to establish a finite element model for the energy absorbing bumper, and the ANSYS/Ls-Dyna solver was simulated for the crash analysis of maximum stress of the bumper and energy absorption characteristics of energy absorbing cushion de-vice and the characteristics of collision energy decay curves at different velocity as 10 km/h, 20 km/h, 30 km/h, 40 km/h and 50 km/h. The simulation results show that the energy-absorbing box of grooves and beams was suffered the greatest stress, and the beam stress was concentrated to the center distribution rule when the bumper was crashing, and when the stress con-centration increased a certain extent, the beam started bent in the center. With the increase of the impact energy, the energy absorption ratio of the energy absorbing device increased at first and then decreased. In the process of collision, the way of collision energy decay was the linear attenuation, along with the increase of the impact velocity, the slope of the collision en-ergy decay curve increased sharply.