CAJ | 학술논문

明朝漠视宋元以来海运业的发展成果而强制禁海，一方面，重创民间海运业，海盗绵延，沿海“不治”，海洋贸易损失巨大；另一方面，漕粮由海运改回为河运后弊病深重，寻租丛生，漕运日益艰难，成为政府的沉重负担，并激化了社会矛盾。在新制度经济学的视阈下，郑和下西洋的辉煌不能掩盖明朝禁海高昂的制度成本，特别是中国部分地失去了全球贸易中的制海权和话语权，失去了进入现代社会的演进机遇。扭曲内在规律和激励结构的政策，必将严重影响交换和生产成本，代价将异常惨重，这是明朝禁海留下的制度遗产。
명조막시송원이래해운업적발전성과이강제금해，일방면，중창민간해운업，해도면연，연해“불치”，해양무역손실거대；령일방면，조량유해운개회위하운후폐병심중，심조총생，조운일익간난，성위정부적침중부담，병격화료사회모순。재신제도경제학적시역하，정화하서양적휘황불능엄개명조금해고앙적제도성본，특별시중국부분지실거료전구무역중적제해권화화어권，실거료진입현대사회적연진궤우。뉴곡내재규률화격려결구적정책，필장엄중영향교환화생산성본，대개장이상참중，저시명조금해류하적제도유산。
Ming Dynasty rigorously enforced a threatened ban on marine transportation, totally ignoring its developing achievements from Song and Yuan Dynasty. This leaded to a series of consequences. On the one hand, the nongovernmental marine transportation industry collapsed at once, pirates’ hazards lasted very long time, and ocean trade experienced huge loses. On the other hand, under new institutional economics perspective, the brilliant navigation of Zheng He couldn’t conceal the huge regime cost, especially that China partly lost the sea supremacy and the right to speech, and lost the evolution opportunity to enter the modern society. The policy which distorts economical inner rule and incentive structure will heavily affect the cost of exchange and production. The social cost will be very huge. This is the institutional heritage of Ming Dynasty’s prohibit to Marine Transportation.