中国工程科学
中國工程科學
중국공정과학
ENGINEERING SCIENCE
2014年
12期
76-86
,共11页
离子交换膜%电渗析%有机酸%氨基酸%重金属废水
離子交換膜%電滲析%有機痠%氨基痠%重金屬廢水
리자교환막%전삼석%유궤산%안기산%중금속폐수
ion exchange membrane%electrodialysis%organic acid%amino acid%heavy met-al wastewater
基于离子交换膜的电膜技术，由于其独特的离子传递特性，可以进行离子物系的分离分级，在清洁生产、节能减排、环境保护、能量转换等方面有着广泛的应用前景。然而，目前国内相关均相离子膜产品尚处于起步阶段，以日本为首的国家对我国进行相关技术封锁和价格垄断。正是基于这样的产业背景和现实意义，开发出新型的均相离子膜制备路线尤为重要。本课题组提出了一种简单而通用的侧链型离子化芳香族聚合物的合成方法，即“离子单体聚酰基化”均相离子交换膜制备路线，并通过ATRP法来设计离子交换膜的主链憎水、侧链亲水的接枝结构，通过对接枝密度和接枝长度进行调节，实现对膜性能的调控，以满足不同的应用过程对膜性能的要求。此种均相离子交换膜的制备工艺及产业化生产攻关，可以打破以日本为首的国家对我国离子膜产品的技术封锁，实现具有我国自主知识产权的离子膜技术的产业化。制备条件温和、制备工艺简单、快捷，而且整个过程没有传统方法中常用的季铵化或磺化步骤，有效地简化工艺和降低环境污染，可用于扩散渗析、普通电渗析以及双极膜电渗析过程对高性能离子交换膜材料的需求。该系列离子交换膜在特种废水处理、有机酸生产、氨基酸分离纯化、重金属废水处理等诸多领域得到了广泛的使用，均取得了较为满意的使用效果。
基于離子交換膜的電膜技術，由于其獨特的離子傳遞特性，可以進行離子物繫的分離分級，在清潔生產、節能減排、環境保護、能量轉換等方麵有著廣汎的應用前景。然而，目前國內相關均相離子膜產品尚處于起步階段，以日本為首的國傢對我國進行相關技術封鎖和價格壟斷。正是基于這樣的產業揹景和現實意義，開髮齣新型的均相離子膜製備路線尤為重要。本課題組提齣瞭一種簡單而通用的側鏈型離子化芳香族聚閤物的閤成方法，即“離子單體聚酰基化”均相離子交換膜製備路線，併通過ATRP法來設計離子交換膜的主鏈憎水、側鏈親水的接枝結構，通過對接枝密度和接枝長度進行調節，實現對膜性能的調控，以滿足不同的應用過程對膜性能的要求。此種均相離子交換膜的製備工藝及產業化生產攻關，可以打破以日本為首的國傢對我國離子膜產品的技術封鎖，實現具有我國自主知識產權的離子膜技術的產業化。製備條件溫和、製備工藝簡單、快捷，而且整箇過程沒有傳統方法中常用的季銨化或磺化步驟，有效地簡化工藝和降低環境汙染，可用于擴散滲析、普通電滲析以及雙極膜電滲析過程對高性能離子交換膜材料的需求。該繫列離子交換膜在特種廢水處理、有機痠生產、氨基痠分離純化、重金屬廢水處理等諸多領域得到瞭廣汎的使用，均取得瞭較為滿意的使用效果。
기우리자교환막적전막기술，유우기독특적리자전체특성，가이진행리자물계적분리분급，재청길생산、절능감배、배경보호、능량전환등방면유착엄범적응용전경。연이，목전국내상관균상리자막산품상처우기보계단，이일본위수적국가대아국진행상관기술봉쇄화개격롱단。정시기우저양적산업배경화현실의의，개발출신형적균상리자막제비로선우위중요。본과제조제출료일충간단이통용적측련형리자화방향족취합물적합성방법，즉“리자단체취선기화”균상리자교환막제비로선，병통과ATRP법래설계리자교환막적주련증수、측련친수적접지결구，통과대접지밀도화접지장도진행조절，실현대막성능적조공，이만족불동적응용과정대막성능적요구。차충균상리자교환막적제비공예급산업화생산공관，가이타파이일본위수적국가대아국리자막산품적기술봉쇄，실현구유아국자주지식산권적리자막기술적산업화。제비조건온화、제비공예간단、쾌첩，이차정개과정몰유전통방법중상용적계안화혹광화보취，유효지간화공예화강저배경오염，가용우확산삼석、보통전삼석이급쌍겁막전삼석과정대고성능리자교환막재료적수구。해계렬리자교환막재특충폐수처리、유궤산생산、안기산분리순화、중금속폐수처리등제다영역득도료엄범적사용，균취득료교위만의적사용효과。
Due to the special ion transfer characteristic in ion exchange membranes ,the electro-membrane processes based on ion exchange membranes can achieve the separation and classification of the ions,which have found more and more important applications in clean pro-duction,energy-saving and emission reducing,environmental protection,and energy conver-sion. The ion exchange membranes processes meet with the demands of energy-saving,reuse of raw material,and pollution prevention in modern industries,and have become one of the key components for sustainable development in our economy. However,the preparation and applica-tions of homogenous in exchange membranes are still at infant stage of development in China due to technological embargoes and price monopoly by the Japan leaded developed country. As a consequence,it is of great significance for the development of some novel membrane prepara-tion routes. A one-step preparation route of homogenous exchange membranes by polyacylation of ionized monomers was developed in our lab. The ATRP technology was used to manipulate the structure of ion exchane membranes to achieve the constrcution of hydrophobic structure in the main chain and hydropholic in the side chain by controlling graft density and graft length of the side-chain pendant. The prepared membranes by this strategy will meet the demands of dif-ferent applications. The indutrial preparation of this kinds of ion exchange membranes can breakthourgh the technological embargoes and price monopoly the Japan of leaded developed country and can achieve development of the independent intellectual property rights in ex-change membranes production. The preparation route is very simple and effective with a moder-ate operation condition. The quarternization and sulfonation steps were avoided in our prepara-tion route with a simplified preparation steps and a reduced pollution. Our preparation route meets with the demand of high-effective membranes in diffusion dialysis,conventional electro-dialysis and bipolar membranes electrodialysis. The prepared membranes were tested with satis-factory results in many different processes such as special wastewater treatment,organic acids production,amino acid separation and purification,and heavy metal wastewater treatment.
