CAJ | 학술논문

中国干旱半干旱区的洪涝灾害是一个尚未引起人们重视的重大科学问题，这主要是因为干旱半干旱区对洪涝灾害的防范意识比较薄弱。而极端降水事件的次数、强度和持续时间与干旱半干旱区的洪涝灾害有密切联系，直接影响该区域洪涝灾害及其次生地质灾害的次数与严重程度。以干旱半干旱区的极端降水事件为切入点，分析了中国干旱半干旱区的极端降水事件次数和极端降水量的变化特征，旨在为干旱半干旱区的洪涝灾害研究提供科学依据。结果表明，进入21世纪以来，中国110°E 以西的干旱半干旱区极端降水事件的日数有所增多，而110°E 以东的区域日数都有所减少。干旱半干旱区极端降水量的变化也呈现出西增东减的分布，大部分干旱半干旱区的极端降水量变化占总降水量变化的40％以上，一部分地区能达到50％，甚至100％—200％。从季节变化来看，春季天山以北、新疆南部、甘肃敦煌和内蒙古包头以北地区极端降水量增加较多，夏季110°E 以西的干旱半干旱区极端降水量均增大明显，秋季陕西榆林、内蒙古鄂尔多斯、包头和呼和浩特等地极端降水量增大较明显。
중국간한반간한구적홍로재해시일개상미인기인문중시적중대과학문제，저주요시인위간한반간한구대홍로재해적방범의식비교박약。이겁단강수사건적차수、강도화지속시간여간한반간한구적홍로재해유밀절련계，직접영향해구역홍로재해급기차생지질재해적차수여엄중정도。이간한반간한구적겁단강수사건위절입점，분석료중국간한반간한구적겁단강수사건차수화겁단강수량적변화특정，지재위간한반간한구적홍로재해연구제공과학의거。결과표명，진입21세기이래，중국110°E 이서적간한반간한구겁단강수사건적일수유소증다，이110°E 이동적구역일수도유소감소。간한반간한구겁단강수량적변화야정현출서증동감적분포，대부분간한반간한구적겁단강수량변화점총강수량변화적40％이상，일부분지구능체도50％，심지100％—200％。종계절변화래간，춘계천산이북、신강남부、감숙돈황화내몽고포두이북지구겁단강수량증가교다，하계110°E 이서적간한반간한구겁단강수량균증대명현，추계협서유림、내몽고악이다사、포두화호화호특등지겁단강수량증대교명현。
Floods can have disastrous effects on the society and environment,and scientific research can help to mitigate these effects.So far,not enough attention has been paid to the floods over the arid and semiˉarid regions in China,and the awareness and prevention policy on floods over these regions are relatively weak.The floods over the arid and semiˉarid regions are highly associated with the number,intensity and duration of extreme precipitation events,which also determine the number and severˉ ity of the flood events and their secondary geological disasters over the regions.In this study,we analyzed the number and characteristics of extreme precipitation events over the arid and semiˉarid regions in China,in order to provide some scientific basis for making prevention policy.The results show that the number of days of extreme precipitation events has increased since the 21st century over the arid and semiˉarid areas west of 110°E,but decreased to the east of 110°E.The trend of extreme precipitation showed positive sign in the area west of 110°E and negative sign in the one east of it.In addition,the fraction of the exˉ treme precipitation change over the total precipitation one is over 40% in most of the regions,and reached 50% or even 100% to 200%in some areas.The seasonal variation showed that the extreme precipitation increased in spring over the north of the Tian Shan Mountains,southern Xinjiang,northern Dunhuang,northern Gansu,and Inner Mongolia.In summer,the extreme precipitation inˉ creased dramatically over the arid and semiˉarid regions west of 110°E;in autumn,the extreme precipitation increased over Yulin in northern Shanxi,Erdos,Hohhot,and Baotou in Inner Mongolia,and some other places.Based on the above results,we carried out more basic analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of floods over the arid and semiˉarid regions.