CAJ | 학술논문

土壤原位修复技术是指不经挖掘，直接在污染场地就地修复污染土壤的土壤修复技术，具有投资低，对周边环境影响小的特点，是土壤修复的研究热点。土壤原位修复技术主要有淋洗，气相抽提(SVE)，多相抽提（MPVE），气相喷射（IAS），生物降解，原位化学氧化（ISCO），原位化学还原，污染物固定，植物修复等。淋洗法主要用于治理高渗透性土壤中的重金属和难挥发降解的有机物。土壤气相抽提和喷射技术适用于处理土壤中的易挥发污染物，并有常与加热技术，生物处理技术等联用，可以起到促进污染物挥发，增氧促分解的作用。多相抽提法主要用于治理存在大量非水相流体的污染场地，可将土壤中有机相污染物直接抽出。生物降解有生物好氧降解、生物厌氧降解、生物还原降解多种，降解方式由污染物种类和地质条件决定。化学方法可将污染物氧化或还原为低毒无毒物质，周期一般较短。固定污染物可以直接加入药剂反应生成沉淀，也可制造合适条件使微生物生成可沉淀重金属的离子。植物修复主要用于富集重金属，成本低廉，但富集了重金属的植物体的有效利用尚待进一步研究。土壤原位修复需要因地制宜，灵活结合工期、污染情况、地质条件、地面设施等，得出最经济实用的修复方法，并在辅助提高技术上展开更多研究，使原位修复技术更经济有效。
토양원위수복기술시지불경알굴，직접재오염장지취지수복오염토양적토양수복기술，구유투자저，대주변배경영향소적특점，시토양수복적연구열점。토양원위수복기술주요유림세，기상추제(SVE)，다상추제（MPVE），기상분사（IAS），생물강해，원위화학양화（ISCO），원위화학환원，오염물고정，식물수복등。림세법주요용우치리고삼투성토양중적중금속화난휘발강해적유궤물。토양기상추제화분사기술괄용우처리토양중적역휘발오염물，병유상여가열기술，생물처리기술등련용，가이기도촉진오염물휘발，증양촉분해적작용。다상추제법주요용우치리존재대량비수상류체적오염장지，가장토양중유궤상오염물직접추출。생물강해유생물호양강해、생물염양강해、생물환원강해다충，강해방식유오염물충류화지질조건결정。화학방법가장오염물양화혹환원위저독무독물질，주기일반교단。고정오염물가이직접가입약제반응생성침정，야가제조합괄조건사미생물생성가침정중금속적리자。식물수복주요용우부집중금속，성본저렴，단부집료중금속적식물체적유효이용상대진일보연구。토양원위수복수요인지제의，령활결합공기、오염정황、지질조건、지면설시등，득출최경제실용적수복방법，병재보조제고기술상전개경다연구，사원위수복기술경경제유효。
Soil remediation in situ treats the contaminated soil without excavation. It has the advantages of low investment and has small impact on the surrounding. It is a hot point in soil remediation. In site soil remediation technology mainly includes flushing, soil vapor extraction (SVE), multiphase vacuum extraction(MPVE), air sparging (IAS), biological degradation, in situ chemical oxidation(ISCO) and in situ chemical reduction, immobilization and phytoremediation etc.. Flushing is mainly used for organic compounds with low solubility and heavy metals in soil of high permeability. Soil vapor extraction and air sparging is suitable for the treatment of volatile pollutants in soil, and are often associated with heating and biological treatment, promoting volatilization and increasing the content of oxygen to promote decomposition. Multiphase vacuum extraction is mainly used for sites with mass of NAPL, can extract organic phase pollutants directly. Biodegradation includes aerobic degradation, anaerobic degradation and reduction degradation, the contaminants and geological conditions decides which one can be used. Chemical treatment can make pollutant oxidated or reduced to low toxic or non-toxic substances, with a shorter duration. Immobilization can add treatments directly and generate precipitation. Microorganisms can generate ions in certain conditions that can precipitate heavy metals ions also. Phytoremediation is mainly used for the accumulation of heavy metals with less cost. But further studied is needed on the effective utilization of plants that accumulated with heavy metals. For in situ soil remediation, in order to be more economical and practical, the most appropriate technology should be selected according to the schedule, contaminant, geological condition, ground facilities. And more research is needed on the related technology to make in situ remediation more economical and effective.