CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨利用土壤酶总体活性表征铅锌尾矿砂造成的土壤重金属污染程度，本文对阳朔思的村水稻田、柑橘园和玉米地土壤中铅、锌、铜、镉的有效态质量分数以及参与土壤碳、氮、磷循环的纤维素酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶活性进行了测定。结果表明：供试土壤中镉、铅、锌的有效态质量分数(分别为2.39~4.42、173.71~221.66、140.11~244.10 mg· kg-1)均高于其全量在GB15618-1995《土壤环境质量标准》中的Ⅱ级标准，分别是Ⅱ级标准值的9.56~14.73、2.18~2.77、0.77~1.22倍，并且土壤中有效态镉带来的潜在生态风险最高。为进一步评价铅锌尾矿砂给不同土地利用类型土壤带来的生态环境风险，在对土壤重金属有效态质量分数进行归一化处理后，发现土壤重金属污染程度从高到低依次为水稻田、柑橘园、玉米地。由于土壤中的重金属复合污染物铅、锌、铜、镉对土壤酶活性的影响既有抑制作用，又有激活作用，因此不同土地利用类型下的单一土壤酶活性状态与土壤所遭受的重金属污染程度呈现出不一致的变化规律。而以土壤总体酶活性指数对各样本进行分类，发现水稻田、柑橘园、玉米地的土壤总体酶活性指数分别为4.345、5.153、5.502，其结果与以重金属有效态归一化处理之后获得的综合污染指数划分结果呈反比，从而说明利用土壤总体酶活性指数来表征不同土地利用类型下的土壤重金属综合污染状况是切实有效的。
위탐토이용토양매총체활성표정연자미광사조성적토양중금속오염정도，본문대양삭사적촌수도전、감귤완화옥미지토양중연、자、동、력적유효태질량분수이급삼여토양탄、담、린순배적섬유소매、자당매、뇨매、단백매화산성린산매활성진행료측정。결과표명：공시토양중력、연、자적유효태질량분수(분별위2.39~4.42、173.71~221.66、140.11~244.10 mg· kg-1)균고우기전량재GB15618-1995《토양배경질량표준》중적Ⅱ급표준，분별시Ⅱ급표준치적9.56~14.73、2.18~2.77、0.77~1.22배，병차토양중유효태력대래적잠재생태풍험최고。위진일보평개연자미광사급불동토지이용류형토양대래적생태배경풍험，재대토양중금속유효태질량분수진행귀일화처리후，발현토양중금속오염정도종고도저의차위수도전、감귤완、옥미지。유우토양중적중금속복합오염물연、자、동、력대토양매활성적영향기유억제작용，우유격활작용，인차불동토지이용류형하적단일토양매활성상태여토양소조수적중금속오염정도정현출불일치적변화규률。이이토양총체매활성지수대각양본진행분류，발현수도전、감귤완、옥미지적토양총체매활성지수분별위4.345、5.153、5.502，기결과여이중금속유효태귀일화처리지후획득적종합오염지수화분결과정반비，종이설명이용토양총체매활성지수래표정불동토지이용류형하적토양중금속종합오염상황시절실유효적。
To understand the influence from the compound pollution of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd on soil enzyme activities (soil invertase, cellulose, urease, protease and acid phosphatase) in the Pb-Zn tailing dam collapse area, soil samples from different land-use types (paddy field, orange field and corn field) were collected in Sidi village, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, SW China. Based on the analysis of soil available heavy metals of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, the results show that in the top soil, the contents from soil available heavy metals of Cd, Pb and Zn are 2.39~4.42 mg· kg-1, 173.71~221.66 mg· kg-1 and 140.11~244.10 mg· kg-1, which are 9.56~14.73, 2.18~2.77 and 0.77~1.22 times higher than those stipulated in the State Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB 15618-1995), respectively. Moreover, the above extraction experimental results prove the fact that Cd is the main ecology factor in this area. According to the normalized overall soil available heavy metals, the potential environmental risk caused by the compound pollution of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd on soil indicated that the potential ecology risk of surface soil from Pb-Zn tailing sand was paddy field >orange field>corn field. Due to the complex relationship between the compound pollution of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and the soil enzyme activities, signal enzyme activity index can not reflect the pollution condition. When the total enzyme activity index is calculated, it is found the total enzyme activity indices in corn field, orange field and paddy field are 4.345, 5.153 and 5.502, respectively and there is a negative sequence between the total enzyme activity indices and the heavy metal combined pollution indices in the tested soils. Therefore, the research proves that the simple total enzyme activity index can be as a biochemical indicator in the heavy metal pollution soil.