生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
11期
1832-1838
,共7页
土壤%重金属%形态分析%潜在生态风险
土壤%重金屬%形態分析%潛在生態風險
토양%중금속%형태분석%잠재생태풍험
soil%heavy metals%spatial distribution%potential ecological risk
为了了解云南会泽某铅锌矿废周边农田土壤中重金属含量及潜在的生态危害程度,利用野外采样与实验室分析相结合的方法,以会泽某铅锌矿周边农田土壤(0~20 cm)为研究对象,分析其中7种的重金属(Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Hg)含量,并采用风险评价代码法和Hankanson潜在生态风险指数法评价对重金属污染程度与潜在生态风险进行评价。结果表明:7种重金属都存在超标或污染,其中Pb、As、Cd等的污染较为严重。统计学分析结果表明,Pb、As、Hg、Zn、Cd来源相同,铅锌矿冶炼污染物的排放可能是导致研究区域农田土壤重金属含量升高的主要原因。7种重金属化学形态也不尽相同:在重金属有效态中,Cd的水溶态和可提取态较高(平均值达到31.2%);Pb、Cu和Zn可还原态、可氧化态这两部分含量较高,两部分之和的平均值分别可达到27.9%、30%和27.2%;Hg、As和Cr的残渣态含量较高,平均值分别为90.4%、72.9%和76.8%。风险评价代码评价结果表明,54.4%的样点Cd为高生态风险,45.6%的样点Cd为中度生态风险;100%的样点Zn为中度生态风险;Cu有41.2%的点位属于低生态风险,58.8%的点位属于中度生态风险;As和Pb主要以低生态风险为主(所占比例分别为92.6%和91.8%);Hg主要以无生态风险为主(所占97.1%)。Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法结果表明,7种重金属潜在生态危害大小顺序为:Cd(331)>Hg(127.5)>Pb(43.6)>As(14.9)>Cu(9.3)>Zn(2.3)>Cr(2.1)。7种重金属的综合潜在生态风险指数(RI)的范围为58.2~1839.3。11%的采样点处于轻微生态风险程度,27.1%的采样点处于中等生态风险程度,46.3%的的采样点处于强生态风险程度,15.6%的采样点处于很强的生态风险程度。综上所述,该矿区周边农田土壤受到了严重的重金属污染,由此引起的重金属生态风险不容忽视。
為瞭瞭解雲南會澤某鉛鋅礦廢週邊農田土壤中重金屬含量及潛在的生態危害程度,利用野外採樣與實驗室分析相結閤的方法,以會澤某鉛鋅礦週邊農田土壤(0~20 cm)為研究對象,分析其中7種的重金屬(Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn和Hg)含量,併採用風險評價代碼法和Hankanson潛在生態風險指數法評價對重金屬汙染程度與潛在生態風險進行評價。結果錶明:7種重金屬都存在超標或汙染,其中Pb、As、Cd等的汙染較為嚴重。統計學分析結果錶明,Pb、As、Hg、Zn、Cd來源相同,鉛鋅礦冶煉汙染物的排放可能是導緻研究區域農田土壤重金屬含量升高的主要原因。7種重金屬化學形態也不儘相同:在重金屬有效態中,Cd的水溶態和可提取態較高(平均值達到31.2%);Pb、Cu和Zn可還原態、可氧化態這兩部分含量較高,兩部分之和的平均值分彆可達到27.9%、30%和27.2%;Hg、As和Cr的殘渣態含量較高,平均值分彆為90.4%、72.9%和76.8%。風險評價代碼評價結果錶明,54.4%的樣點Cd為高生態風險,45.6%的樣點Cd為中度生態風險;100%的樣點Zn為中度生態風險;Cu有41.2%的點位屬于低生態風險,58.8%的點位屬于中度生態風險;As和Pb主要以低生態風險為主(所佔比例分彆為92.6%和91.8%);Hg主要以無生態風險為主(所佔97.1%)。Hakanson潛在生態風險指數法結果錶明,7種重金屬潛在生態危害大小順序為:Cd(331)>Hg(127.5)>Pb(43.6)>As(14.9)>Cu(9.3)>Zn(2.3)>Cr(2.1)。7種重金屬的綜閤潛在生態風險指數(RI)的範圍為58.2~1839.3。11%的採樣點處于輕微生態風險程度,27.1%的採樣點處于中等生態風險程度,46.3%的的採樣點處于彊生態風險程度,15.6%的採樣點處于很彊的生態風險程度。綜上所述,該礦區週邊農田土壤受到瞭嚴重的重金屬汙染,由此引起的重金屬生態風險不容忽視。
위료료해운남회택모연자광폐주변농전토양중중금속함량급잠재적생태위해정도,이용야외채양여실험실분석상결합적방법,이회택모연자광주변농전토양(0~20 cm)위연구대상,분석기중7충적중금속(Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn화Hg)함량,병채용풍험평개대마법화Hankanson잠재생태풍험지수법평개대중금속오염정도여잠재생태풍험진행평개。결과표명:7충중금속도존재초표혹오염,기중Pb、As、Cd등적오염교위엄중。통계학분석결과표명,Pb、As、Hg、Zn、Cd래원상동,연자광야련오염물적배방가능시도치연구구역농전토양중금속함량승고적주요원인。7충중금속화학형태야불진상동:재중금속유효태중,Cd적수용태화가제취태교고(평균치체도31.2%);Pb、Cu화Zn가환원태、가양화태저량부분함량교고,량부분지화적평균치분별가체도27.9%、30%화27.2%;Hg、As화Cr적잔사태함량교고,평균치분별위90.4%、72.9%화76.8%。풍험평개대마평개결과표명,54.4%적양점Cd위고생태풍험,45.6%적양점Cd위중도생태풍험;100%적양점Zn위중도생태풍험;Cu유41.2%적점위속우저생태풍험,58.8%적점위속우중도생태풍험;As화Pb주요이저생태풍험위주(소점비례분별위92.6%화91.8%);Hg주요이무생태풍험위주(소점97.1%)。Hakanson잠재생태풍험지수법결과표명,7충중금속잠재생태위해대소순서위:Cd(331)>Hg(127.5)>Pb(43.6)>As(14.9)>Cu(9.3)>Zn(2.3)>Cr(2.1)。7충중금속적종합잠재생태풍험지수(RI)적범위위58.2~1839.3。11%적채양점처우경미생태풍험정도,27.1%적채양점처우중등생태풍험정도,46.3%적적채양점처우강생태풍험정도,15.6%적채양점처우흔강적생태풍험정도。종상소술,해광구주변농전토양수도료엄중적중금속오염,유차인기적중금속생태풍험불용홀시。
In order to investigated the metals concentrations and their potential ecological risks of heavy metals in soil, the concentrations of Cd, Hg, As, Pb ,Cr ,Cu and Zn in the topsoil of paddy fields near a smelting area located in the Hunan province were analyzed by field sampling and laboratory analysis. The experimental data indicate that the soil was seriously polluted by heavy metals, especially by Pb, As, Cd. Additionally, cluster analyses suggested that the study area is influenced by anthropogenic contributions. The chemical speciation analysis of heavy metal showed the available content of Cd mainly existed in exchangeable form (31.2%). The available content of Pb, Cu and Zn were distributed mainly in acid extractable fractions and Fe/Mn oxide fractions (27.9%, 30% and 27.2%), and Hg, As, Cr was mainly associated with residual fraction (90.4%, 72.9%and 76.8%). The results of risk assessment code showed Cd was medium and high risk (45.6%and 54.4%), Zn was medium risk (100%), Cu was low and medium risk (41.2% and 58.8%), Hg was mainly no risk (97.1%), As and Pb was mainly low risk (92.6% and 91.8%). The consequence of the average irE for heavy metals is Cd (331)>Hg (127.5)>Pb (43.6)>As (14.9)>Cu (9.3)>Zn (2.3)>Cr (2.1). The range of the potential ecological risk of soil is 58.2~1 839.3. There are 11%of sites classified as low risk, 27.1%classified as medium risk, 46.3%classified as high risk and 15.6%posed an extremely high risk. The above results indices the research area is presented with an important ecological risk.