CAJ | 학술논문

洞庭湖是我国第二大的淡水湖，对区域气候的调节起着极其关键的作用，然而受全球变暖及其他因素的影响，洞庭湖区范围内对气候变化的响应并不一致。为了更好地认识洞庭湖区的地表温度变化及其对全球变暖的响应情况，同时为准确的判断该区温度未来的变化趋势奠定基础，利用1995年、2004年和2013年12景冬季Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像的热红外波段数据反演了洞庭湖区地表温度，并对反演的地表温度值进行标准化处理，采用标准差分类法得到地表温度等级图。通过三时相温度等级图的面积统计与直观对比，分析了洞庭湖区在三峡蓄水前后的温度时空变化特征；并结合归一化植被指数（NDVI）、降雨资料、DEM、坡度等数据对洞庭湖区的温度变化影响因素进行了统计分析。结果表明，（1）洞庭湖区各温度等级面积成正态分布，主要以中温区、较高温区和较低温区为主。从空间分布上来看，低温区主要分布在水体，而高温区则没有明显的分布特征。（2）受雨雪天气影响，2004年的高温范围减少，减少情况为西洞庭湖区>南洞庭湖区>东洞庭湖区，面积变化比例分别是5.38%、2.12%、0.71%，表明冷气流对西洞庭湖区的温度变化影响最强，而东洞庭湖区最弱。（3）2013年高温范围增加，且变化强度呈现出西洞庭湖区<南洞庭湖区<东洞庭湖区的空间特征，面积变化比例分别是2.21%、2.38%、2.68%，表明在三峡水库蓄水之后，东洞庭湖区的地表温度受到较大影响。（4）植被的覆盖情况与温度相关性不明显，而坡度、海拔与温度呈正相关关系，这表明坡度可以有效的减少冷气流对温度的影响，地势较高地区与阳坡出现高温情况则表明地表温度受太阳辐射影响较大。
동정호시아국제이대적담수호，대구역기후적조절기착겁기관건적작용，연이수전구변난급기타인소적영향，동정호구범위내대기후변화적향응병불일치。위료경호지인식동정호구적지표온도변화급기대전구변난적향응정황，동시위준학적판단해구온도미래적변화추세전정기출，이용1995년、2004년화2013년12경동계Landsat TM/ETM+요감영상적열홍외파단수거반연료동정호구지표온도，병대반연적지표온도치진행표준화처리，채용표준차분류법득도지표온도등급도。통과삼시상온도등급도적면적통계여직관대비，분석료동정호구재삼협축수전후적온도시공변화특정；병결합귀일화식피지수（NDVI）、강우자료、DEM、파도등수거대동정호구적온도변화영향인소진행료통계분석。결과표명，（1）동정호구각온도등급면적성정태분포，주요이중온구、교고온구화교저온구위주。종공간분포상래간，저온구주요분포재수체，이고온구칙몰유명현적분포특정。（2）수우설천기영향，2004년적고온범위감소，감소정황위서동정호구>남동정호구>동동정호구，면적변화비례분별시5.38%、2.12%、0.71%，표명랭기류대서동정호구적온도변화영향최강，이동동정호구최약。（3）2013년고온범위증가，차변화강도정현출서동정호구<남동정호구<동동정호구적공간특정，면적변화비례분별시2.21%、2.38%、2.68%，표명재삼협수고축수지후，동동정호구적지표온도수도교대영향。（4）식피적복개정황여온도상관성불명현，이파도、해발여온도정정상관관계，저표명파도가이유효적감소랭기류대온도적영향，지세교고지구여양파출현고온정황칙표명지표온도수태양복사영향교대。
As the second largest fresh lake in China, Dongting Lake plays a significant role in regulating regional climate. However, due to global warming and other factors, its responses to climate change are not consistent within the Dongting area. For a better understanding of the land surface temperature (LST) change of the Dongting Lake area and its responses to global warming, and also for a better prediction of the LST variation trend, the LST of Dongting Lake area was retrieved using wintertime data of the 12 Landsat TM/ETM+ thermal infrared band images in 1995, 2004 and 2013. The standardized processing of retrieved LST was conducted and the LST grade maps were developed through standardized deviation classification. The LST temporal and spatial variation characteristic was analyzed through area statistic and straight comparison of the three LST grade maps. And the influential factors of LST variation were analyzed through normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), rainfall data, DEM, gradient and other relevant data. The result shows that: (1) The area of each LST grade in Dongting Lake is of the normal distribution, and it mainly consists of middle temperature area, higher temperature area and lower temperature area. In terms of spatial distribution, the lower temperature area is mainly in water, and there is no distinct distribution characteristic in higher temperature area;(2)Impacted by the rain and snow, the range of high temperature area decreases in 2004.The proportion of decreased area from large to small in turn is West Dongting Lake(5.38%) to South Dongting Lake(2.12%) to East Dongting Lake(0.71%), suggesting that the cold air flow influences the West Dongting Lake the most, the East the least; (3)The range of high temperature area increases in 2013, and the proportion of increased area from small to large is West Dongting Lake(2.21%) to South Dongting Lake(2.38%) to East Dongting Lake(2.68%), suggesting that the LST of East Dongting Lake is greatly affected by the Three Gorges Reservior;(4)The correlation between NDVI and LST is non-significant, while gradient and elevation are in positive correlation with temperature, which indicates that gradient can effectively reduce the impact of cold air flow on temperature. And the high temperature in higher elevation and sunny slope indicate that the LST is greatly affected by solar radiation.