生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
11期
1783-1791
,共9页
城市住区%建筑布局%空间形态%空气负离子%时间序列%空间序列%空气质量
城市住區%建築佈跼%空間形態%空氣負離子%時間序列%空間序列%空氣質量
성시주구%건축포국%공간형태%공기부리자%시간서렬%공간서렬%공기질량
urban residential area%building layout%space form%negative air ion(NAI) concentration%time series%spatial sequence%air quality
以夏热冬冷地区合肥市为研究区域，从建筑布局、空间形态、建筑密度、交通路网、植物绿化等方面综合考虑城市住区的不同环境特征，选择12个样点进行实地观测，于2013年8至2014年1月进行了空气离子浓度、风速、温度、相对湿度等指标的实地测定，并对数据进行筛选分析得出结果，①空气负离子浓度随季节变化较为明显，夏季最高，平均浓度约为358/cm3，秋季次之，平均浓度约为338/cm3，冬季最低，平均浓度约为322/cm3。总体看来，上午9：00─10：00和下午14：30─15：30区间空气负离子浓度最高，上午10：30和下午16：00─16：30区间空气负离子浓度相对较低。②自由式布局和具有较明显开敞空间的测试样点空气负离子浓度较高。夏季样点9空气负离子浓度最高，平均浓度为815/cm3；秋季样点12空气负离子浓度最高，平均浓度约为483/cm3；冬季样点9空气负离子浓度最高，平均浓度约为407/cm3。最后运用单极系数和安培空气质量评价指数对住区空气质量进行评价，得出住区环境的空气清洁度以允许和清洁为主，等级多分布在D级和B级。根据这些结果和分析得出以下结论：①在不同的季节，住区室外环境的空气负离子浓度变化较为明显，夏季最高，冬季最低。②影响城市住区空气负离子浓度最主要气象因子是风速、温度和相对湿度，其中风速和温度与空气负离子浓度呈现出正相关，而相对湿度则总体趋势不明确。③采取层次丰富的植物结构有利于提高环境的空气负离子浓度。④空气负离子浓度与空气清洁度有着密切关系，不同的环境特征下空气清洁度存在差异。⑤以空气负离子浓度为参考标准指导并优化住区建筑布局，不仅有利于提高住区人居环境质量评价工作的科学管理水平，同时对于提高居民的健康水平和营造健康舒适的居住环境具有重要的现实意义。
以夏熱鼕冷地區閤肥市為研究區域，從建築佈跼、空間形態、建築密度、交通路網、植物綠化等方麵綜閤攷慮城市住區的不同環境特徵，選擇12箇樣點進行實地觀測，于2013年8至2014年1月進行瞭空氣離子濃度、風速、溫度、相對濕度等指標的實地測定，併對數據進行篩選分析得齣結果，①空氣負離子濃度隨季節變化較為明顯，夏季最高，平均濃度約為358/cm3，鞦季次之，平均濃度約為338/cm3，鼕季最低，平均濃度約為322/cm3。總體看來，上午9：00─10：00和下午14：30─15：30區間空氣負離子濃度最高，上午10：30和下午16：00─16：30區間空氣負離子濃度相對較低。②自由式佈跼和具有較明顯開敞空間的測試樣點空氣負離子濃度較高。夏季樣點9空氣負離子濃度最高，平均濃度為815/cm3；鞦季樣點12空氣負離子濃度最高，平均濃度約為483/cm3；鼕季樣點9空氣負離子濃度最高，平均濃度約為407/cm3。最後運用單極繫數和安培空氣質量評價指數對住區空氣質量進行評價，得齣住區環境的空氣清潔度以允許和清潔為主，等級多分佈在D級和B級。根據這些結果和分析得齣以下結論：①在不同的季節，住區室外環境的空氣負離子濃度變化較為明顯，夏季最高，鼕季最低。②影響城市住區空氣負離子濃度最主要氣象因子是風速、溫度和相對濕度，其中風速和溫度與空氣負離子濃度呈現齣正相關，而相對濕度則總體趨勢不明確。③採取層次豐富的植物結構有利于提高環境的空氣負離子濃度。④空氣負離子濃度與空氣清潔度有著密切關繫，不同的環境特徵下空氣清潔度存在差異。⑤以空氣負離子濃度為參攷標準指導併優化住區建築佈跼，不僅有利于提高住區人居環境質量評價工作的科學管理水平，同時對于提高居民的健康水平和營造健康舒適的居住環境具有重要的現實意義。
이하열동랭지구합비시위연구구역，종건축포국、공간형태、건축밀도、교통로망、식물녹화등방면종합고필성시주구적불동배경특정，선택12개양점진행실지관측，우2013년8지2014년1월진행료공기리자농도、풍속、온도、상대습도등지표적실지측정，병대수거진행사선분석득출결과，①공기부리자농도수계절변화교위명현，하계최고，평균농도약위358/cm3，추계차지，평균농도약위338/cm3，동계최저，평균농도약위322/cm3。총체간래，상오9：00─10：00화하오14：30─15：30구간공기부리자농도최고，상오10：30화하오16：00─16：30구간공기부리자농도상대교저。②자유식포국화구유교명현개창공간적측시양점공기부리자농도교고。하계양점9공기부리자농도최고，평균농도위815/cm3；추계양점12공기부리자농도최고，평균농도약위483/cm3；동계양점9공기부리자농도최고，평균농도약위407/cm3。최후운용단겁계수화안배공기질량평개지수대주구공기질량진행평개，득출주구배경적공기청길도이윤허화청길위주，등급다분포재D급화B급。근거저사결과화분석득출이하결론：①재불동적계절，주구실외배경적공기부리자농도변화교위명현，하계최고，동계최저。②영향성시주구공기부리자농도최주요기상인자시풍속、온도화상대습도，기중풍속화온도여공기부리자농도정현출정상관，이상대습도칙총체추세불명학。③채취층차봉부적식물결구유리우제고배경적공기부리자농도。④공기부리자농도여공기청길도유착밀절관계，불동적배경특정하공기청길도존재차이。⑤이공기부리자농도위삼고표준지도병우화주구건축포국，불부유리우제고주구인거배경질량평개공작적과학관리수평，동시대우제고거민적건강수평화영조건강서괄적거주배경구유중요적현실의의。
The chosen area for experiments is Hefei city which is in Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter area, from the building layout, space form, building density, road network, green plants and other aspects of comprehensive consideration of different environmental characteristics of urban residential areas, twelve test samples are selected to field observations. During August 2013 to January 2014, air ions concentration, wind speed, temperature and relative humidity were measured, and screened and analyzed the data. It is concluded that, ①NAI concentration changes more obvious with the seasons, the highest in summer, the average concentration is about 358/cm3, autumn, the average concentration is about 338/cm3, the lowest in winter, the average concentration is about and 322/cm3. Overall, NAI concentration at 9:00-10:00 and 14:30-15:30 are the highest, at 10:30 and 16:00-16:30 are relatively low. ②NAI concentration of measured samples which have freestyle layout and the obvious open space are higher than others. In summer, the NAI concentration of measured sample 9 is the highest, the average concentration is about 815/cm-3, in autumn the NAI concentration of measured sample 12 is the highest, the average concentration is about 483/cm-3, in winter the NAI concentration of measured sample 9 is the highest, the average concentration is about 407/cm3. At last using monopole coefficient and Anbei air ion index of assessment to assess the air quality of the residential area environment, it is concluded that air cleanliness of the residential areas environment performance to allow and clean mainly, and distributed in the D and B grade level. Based on these results and analyzes the following conclusions show that: ①in different seasons, NAI concentration in residential outdoor environment changes more obviously, the highest in summer and lowest in winter. ②The most important meteorological factor affecting the NAI concentration are wind speed, temperature, relative humidity, where wind speed and temperature with NAI concentration showed a positive correlation, while the relative humidity is the overall trend is not clear.③Rich in plant hierarchy can improve NAI concentration in the air environment. ④NAI concentration and air cleanliness are closely related, there are differences under different environmental characteristics of air cleanliness. ⑤Taking NAI concentration as a reference standard to optimize the residential building layout, it has a important practical significance that not only improving the scientific management level of quality of the residential area living environmental quality assessment, also improving the health of residents and create a healthy and comfortable living environment.
