农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
23期
101-111
,共11页
蒸散发%水资源%节水%黄河流域%目标蒸散发%方案评估%分布式水文模型%鄂尔多斯
蒸散髮%水資源%節水%黃河流域%目標蒸散髮%方案評估%分佈式水文模型%鄂爾多斯
증산발%수자원%절수%황하류역%목표증산발%방안평고%분포식수문모형%악이다사
evapotranspiration%water resources%water conservation%yellow river basin%target evapotranspiration%scheme evaluation%distributed hydrologic model%ordos
为了解决在黄河流域基于径流-蒸散发（runoff-evapotranspiration，R-ET）的水资源管理模式中，区域目标蒸散发（evapotranspiration，ET）的合理确定问题，该文先梳理了目标ET的计算步骤，确定了各分项ET的计算方法，建立了目标ET的评估指标体系，通过研究实例进行验证。目标ET具体的计算步骤和方法为：第一步，根据当地的水资源情况制定方案集；第二步，针对不同的分项目标ET，分别采用分布式水文模型、遥感估算模型及用水定额法等方法进行计算；第三步，通过计算各方案的评估指标体系，进行可持续性、公平性和高效性的评估，确定最优方案。以黄河流域鄂尔多斯地区为研究实例，制定了5个计算方案，经过计算方案1为现状用水方案，目标ET值为468.79 mm；方案2为扩大引黄水方案，目标ET为450.89 mm；方案3为压采地下水方案，目标ET为432.95 mm；方案4为减少引黄水方案，目标ET为406.11 mm；方案5为节水方案，其目标ET为383.27 mm。通过综合评估可知方案5为最优方案。通过实例验证认为，该方法对于区域目标ET的确定是一种适用的、较准确的方法，也会为下一步黄河流域实施基于R-ET的水资源管理模式提供数据基础和技术支撑。
為瞭解決在黃河流域基于徑流-蒸散髮（runoff-evapotranspiration，R-ET）的水資源管理模式中，區域目標蒸散髮（evapotranspiration，ET）的閤理確定問題，該文先梳理瞭目標ET的計算步驟，確定瞭各分項ET的計算方法，建立瞭目標ET的評估指標體繫，通過研究實例進行驗證。目標ET具體的計算步驟和方法為：第一步，根據噹地的水資源情況製定方案集；第二步，針對不同的分項目標ET，分彆採用分佈式水文模型、遙感估算模型及用水定額法等方法進行計算；第三步，通過計算各方案的評估指標體繫，進行可持續性、公平性和高效性的評估，確定最優方案。以黃河流域鄂爾多斯地區為研究實例，製定瞭5箇計算方案，經過計算方案1為現狀用水方案，目標ET值為468.79 mm；方案2為擴大引黃水方案，目標ET為450.89 mm；方案3為壓採地下水方案，目標ET為432.95 mm；方案4為減少引黃水方案，目標ET為406.11 mm；方案5為節水方案，其目標ET為383.27 mm。通過綜閤評估可知方案5為最優方案。通過實例驗證認為，該方法對于區域目標ET的確定是一種適用的、較準確的方法，也會為下一步黃河流域實施基于R-ET的水資源管理模式提供數據基礎和技術支撐。
위료해결재황하류역기우경류-증산발（runoff-evapotranspiration，R-ET）적수자원관리모식중，구역목표증산발（evapotranspiration，ET）적합리학정문제，해문선소리료목표ET적계산보취，학정료각분항ET적계산방법，건립료목표ET적평고지표체계，통과연구실례진행험증。목표ET구체적계산보취화방법위：제일보，근거당지적수자원정황제정방안집；제이보，침대불동적분항목표ET，분별채용분포식수문모형、요감고산모형급용수정액법등방법진행계산；제삼보，통과계산각방안적평고지표체계，진행가지속성、공평성화고효성적평고，학정최우방안。이황하류역악이다사지구위연구실례，제정료5개계산방안，경과계산방안1위현상용수방안，목표ET치위468.79 mm；방안2위확대인황수방안，목표ET위450.89 mm；방안3위압채지하수방안，목표ET위432.95 mm；방안4위감소인황수방안，목표ET위406.11 mm；방안5위절수방안，기목표ET위383.27 mm。통과종합평고가지방안5위최우방안。통과실례험증인위，해방법대우구역목표ET적학정시일충괄용적、교준학적방법，야회위하일보황하류역실시기우R-ET적수자원관리모식제공수거기출화기술지탱。
Aiming at target ET calculation in water resources management model based on R - ET (runoff-evapotranspiration) in Yellow River basin, the paper puts forward calculation method and process. The first step is to formulate scheme set according to water resources in research area. The second step is to calculate the target ET of different sub item using the method such as the distributed hydrologic model, remote sensing estimation model, and the water use quota method. The third step is to evaluate each scheme based on the principle of sustainability, fairness and effectiveness, and to find the best scheme. Ordos is taken as the case study and five schemes were calculated in this paper. Scheme 1 is present situation of water resources utilization, and the target ET is 468.79 mm. Scheme 2 is increasing diverting water from the Yellow River, and the target ET is 450.89 mm. Scheme 3 is decreasing the ground water, and the target ET is 432.95 mm. Scheme 4 is to reduce diverting water from the Yellow River, and the target ET is 406.11 mm. Scheme 5 is a saving water plan, the target ET is 383.27 mm. Then, the scheme 5 is the optimal solutions and recommendations according to comprehensive evaluation. The comparison between Scheme 1 and 5 showed that, with the development of population, economy and society, target ET reduced gradually with the high water-saving measures. The proportion of target ET in cultivated land declined, because water consumption of cultivated land reduced. The proportion of residential and industrial land target ET increased due to the economic development. The second and third industry water demand and ecological water use will increase at the same time. In order to guarantee reliability and accuracy of the area target ET, calculation results of distributed hydrological model and the remote sensing estimation method verified the validity. Two methods calculation error of the area actual ET value is 0.78%and 1.22%, respectively. Target ET determination and evaluation in this study provide references for the next step to implement R - ET water management in the Yellow River basin.
