CAJ | 학술논문

为了配合玉米留高茬行间互作的保护性耕作模式，该文从现有的两行卧辊式玉米收获机出发，研制与其配合的、适合留高茬（且留茬高度可调）保护性耕作模式的秸秆切割器，并进行了秸秆切断率、刀盘离地高度与玉米秸秆留茬高度平均值的分析试验。试验结果表明：随着刀盘离地高度的增加，秸秆的切断率上升，其切断率的平均值从90.16%增加到95.43%；在0～15°的范围内，随着刀盘与地面之间夹角的增加，秸秆切断率上升，其切断率的平均值从90.17%增加到95.42%；在刀盘与地面之间夹角一定的情况下，秸秆留茬高度平均值随刀盘离地高度的升高而升高，秸秆留茬高度平均从307增加到363 mm，并且越来越接近刀盘离地高度值。在刀盘离地高度一定的情况下，秸秆留茬高度平均值随刀盘与地面之间夹角的增大而增大，其留茬高度的平均值从329增加到341 mm，并且越来越高于刀盘的实际离地高度。该文设计的适用于卧辊式玉米收获机的切割器能够满足留高茬保护性耕作模式的需要；对于东北地区玉米留高茬保护性耕作模式的推广具有示范和带动作用。
위료배합옥미류고치행간호작적보호성경작모식，해문종현유적량행와곤식옥미수획궤출발，연제여기배합적、괄합류고치（차류치고도가조）보호성경작모식적갈간절할기，병진행료갈간절단솔、도반리지고도여옥미갈간류치고도평균치적분석시험。시험결과표명：수착도반리지고도적증가，갈간적절단솔상승，기절단솔적평균치종90.16%증가도95.43%；재0～15°적범위내，수착도반여지면지간협각적증가，갈간절단솔상승，기절단솔적평균치종90.17%증가도95.42%；재도반여지면지간협각일정적정황하，갈간류치고도평균치수도반리지고도적승고이승고，갈간류치고도평균종307증가도363 mm，병차월래월접근도반리지고도치。재도반리지고도일정적정황하，갈간류치고도평균치수도반여지면지간협각적증대이증대，기류치고도적평균치종329증가도341 mm，병차월래월고우도반적실제리지고도。해문설계적괄용우와곤식옥미수획궤적절할기능구만족류고치보호성경작모식적수요；대우동북지구옥미류고치보호성경작모식적추엄구유시범화대동작용。
In order to improve the productivity of land and protect the cultivated land environment in a ridge area of Northeast China, one mode of conservation tillage with high stubble for corn is currently emerging. This new conservation tillage aims to retain a certain height of stalk standing in the field, while using the other part of the stalk in other ways. The standing part of the stalk is sufficient to recover the field’s fertility and also helps to avoid environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the other part of the stalk can feed livestock during the winter or be used as fuel in rural areas. One can see that this method has many advantages. Unfortunately, the existing corn harvesters can’t realize this mode of conservation tillage. In order to mass-produce this mode of high-stubble conservation tillage, harvesters which can automatically retain high stubble are developed. <br> Horizontal corn harvesters have some advantages, such as low grain breakage rate and impurity, and this practice is used widely all over the world. Adding the cutter to an existing two-row corn harvester is the main designing idea of this paper. Additionally, since different corn varieties and complex working conditions have different requirements, cutting height and cutting angle should be adjustable. Finally, the results of two experiments are presented. The first experiment was to vary the cutter head’s height and the cutter angle, while measuring the cutting ratio (defined as the ratio between cut stalks to total stalks, expressed as a percentage). The second experiment tested the relationship between the stubble height (output parameter) and the cutter head’s height above the ground (input variable) as well as the cutter angle (input variable). Some relations among cutter head’s height, cutter angle, cutting ratio and resulting stubble height were presented;and these relations can be used to adjust cutter head’s height to create a desired stubble height. <br> We came to the conclusion that with the increasing of cutter head’s height, cutting rate increases, and the cutting ratio’s mean value increases from 90.16%to 95.43%. In the range of 0 to 15° of cutting angle, with the increasing of the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the cutting ratio’s mean value increases from 90.17%to 95.42%. While varying the cutter head’s height, the mean value of stubble height increases from 307 to 363 mm, it is to say that the average stubble height increases along with the elevation of cutter head’s height. Similarly, while varying the angle between the cutter head and the ground, the mean value of stubble height increases from 329 to 341 mm. Broadly speaking, the average stubble height increases along with the increase of the angle between the cutter head and the ground. In conclusion, the cutter designed in this paper can help to realize the high-stubble conservation tillage in conjunction with existing horizontal corn harvesters, which has profound influence on promoting the high-stubble conservation tillage in ridge areas of Northeast China.