农业资源与环境学报
農業資源與環境學報
농업자원여배경학보
Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
2014年
6期
506-512
,共7页
米长虹%黄治平%侯彦林%刘书田%郑宏艳%王农%蔡彦明%王铄今%侯显达
米長虹%黃治平%侯彥林%劉書田%鄭宏豔%王農%蔡彥明%王鑠今%侯顯達
미장홍%황치평%후언림%류서전%정굉염%왕농%채언명%왕삭금%후현체
生态平衡施肥%追肥%预测%方法
生態平衡施肥%追肥%預測%方法
생태평형시비%추비%예측%방법
ecological balance fertilization%topdressing%forecast%method
从全国和各地区追肥比例入手，分析了追肥预测方法的必要性和实践价值。在此基础上，提出生态平衡施肥追肥量确定的“天-地-作物概念模型”，重点介绍了在正常年型追肥量基础上如何确定追肥修正系数的方法，包括宏观专家经验方法、微观田间试验方法、根据历年化肥用量波动的确定方法、根据历年单产波动确定的方法、根据氮肥单位用量估算的确定方法；最后归纳出追肥修正系数确定方法的优化过程，并阐述了追肥预报信息化的必要性。结果表明：根据历年化肥用量波动的确定方法和根据历年单产波动确定的方法适合于省级大尺度追肥参数的确定。
從全國和各地區追肥比例入手，分析瞭追肥預測方法的必要性和實踐價值。在此基礎上，提齣生態平衡施肥追肥量確定的“天-地-作物概唸模型”，重點介紹瞭在正常年型追肥量基礎上如何確定追肥脩正繫數的方法，包括宏觀專傢經驗方法、微觀田間試驗方法、根據歷年化肥用量波動的確定方法、根據歷年單產波動確定的方法、根據氮肥單位用量估算的確定方法；最後歸納齣追肥脩正繫數確定方法的優化過程，併闡述瞭追肥預報信息化的必要性。結果錶明：根據歷年化肥用量波動的確定方法和根據歷年單產波動確定的方法適閤于省級大呎度追肥參數的確定。
종전국화각지구추비비례입수，분석료추비예측방법적필요성화실천개치。재차기출상，제출생태평형시비추비량학정적“천-지-작물개념모형”，중점개소료재정상년형추비량기출상여하학정추비수정계수적방법，포괄굉관전가경험방법、미관전간시험방법、근거력년화비용량파동적학정방법、근거력년단산파동학정적방법、근거담비단위용량고산적학정방법；최후귀납출추비수정계수학정방법적우화과정，병천술료추비예보신식화적필요성。결과표명：근거력년화비용량파동적학정방법화근거력년단산파동학정적방법괄합우성급대척도추비삼수적학정。
Started from national and regional topdressing ratio, this paper investigated the necessity and practice value of prediction method of topdressing.‘climate-soil-crop’concept model determined by ecological balance amount of fertilization and topdressing was established. Top-dressing correction coefficient method was particularly introduced under the amount of topdressing in normal year, which contained macro-scopic expert experience method, microcosmic field trial method, the method based on the fertilizer amount of consumption fluctuation during past years, the method based on the yield fluctuation during past years and the method based on the estimation of nitrogen fertilizer per unit. Optimization process of topdressing correction coefficient was generalized and the necessary informatization in topdressing forecasting was explained. The results showed the methods based on the fertilizer amount of consumption and yield fluctuation during past years were suitable for the determination of topdressing parameters in province scale.
