中医正骨
中醫正骨
중의정골
THE JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE ORTHOPEDICS AND TRAUMATOLOGY
2014年
12期
19-24
,共6页
卫秀洋%陈勇忠%王金星%付桂红
衛秀洋%陳勇忠%王金星%付桂紅
위수양%진용충%왕금성%부계홍
颈椎%脊髓压迫症%椎间盘移位%后纵韧带骨化%椎管扩大成形术
頸椎%脊髓壓迫癥%椎間盤移位%後縱韌帶骨化%椎管擴大成形術
경추%척수압박증%추간반이위%후종인대골화%추관확대성형술
Cervical vertebrae%Spinal cord compression%Intervertebral disc displacement%Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament%Laminoplasty
目的:观察3种颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性分析105例多节段颈段脊髓受压患者的病例资料,采用单开门丝线悬吊椎管扩大成形术治疗者35例(丝线固定组),采用单开门带线锚钉固定椎管扩大成形术治疗者37例(锚钉固定组),采用单开门微型钛板固定椎管扩大成形术治疗者33例(钛板固定组)。比较3组患者的手术时间、出血量、住院时间、JOA评分、最窄椎管面积、颈椎活动度、颈椎曲率指数及并发症发生情况。结果:①一般情况。3组患者手术时间、出血量及住院时间比较,组间差异均有统计学意义[(68.4±18.6)min,(79.8±21.3)min,(86.1±25.9)min,F=13.560,P=0.000;(346.3±85.7)mL,(364.1±83.2)mL,(436.2±89.4)mL,F=14.317,P=0.000;(53.3±4.8)d,(52.4±3.7)d,(32.4±4.5)d,F=19.492,P=0.000]。钛板固定组手术时间、出血量大于其余2组(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),住院时间比其余2组短(P=0.000,P=0.000);丝线固定组和锚钉固定组的手术时间、出血量及住院时间比较,组间差异均无统计学意义(P=0.326,P=0.824,P=0.536)。②JOA评分。手术前后不同时间JOA评分的差异有统计学意义,即存在时间效应[(7.5±3.6)分,(12.7±3.3)分,(13.2±3.7)分;(8.3±3.7)分,(12.8±3.8)分,(12.4±3.3)分;(7.6±2.5)分,(13.2±2.7)分,(14.5±2.6)分;F=56.672,P=0.000]。3组患者JOA评分的组间差异总体上有统计学意义,即存在分组效应(F=45.718,P=0.000);术前和术后1周时3组患者JOA评分比较,组间差异均无统计学意义(F=1.315,P=0.692;F=1.047,P=0.739);术后2年时,钛板固定组评分高于其余2组(P=0.002,P=0.000),其余2组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.336)。时间因素和分组因素之间不存在交互效应(F=0.372,P=1.041)。③最窄椎管面积。手术前后不同时间最窄椎管面积的差异有统计学意义,即存在时间效应[(136.2±35.1)mm2,(274.3±42.5)mm2,(242.6±38.3)mm2;(135.7±32.6)mm2,(272.9±42.3)mm2,(258.7±35.4)mm2;(135.9±34.9)mm2,(275.1±45.8)mm2,(274.1±34.3)mm2;F=45.296,P=0.000]。3组患者最窄椎管面积的组间差异总体上有统计学意义,即存在分组效应(F=36.342,P=0.000);术前和术后1周时3组患者最窄椎管面积比较,组间差异均无统计学意义(F=6.260,P=0.103;F=4.614,P=0.527);术后2年时,钛板固定组最窄椎管面积大于其余2组(P=0.000,P=0.000),锚钉固定组大于丝线固定组(P=0.003)。时间因素和分组因素之间不存在交互效应(F=1.547,P=0.876)。④颈椎活动度和颈椎曲率指数。术前3组患者的颈椎活动度和颈椎曲率指数比较,组间差异均无统计学意义[(36.3°±5.7°),(35.9°±5.2°),(36.8°±6.5°),F=0.302,P=1.045;(11.4±4.5)mm,(12.4±2.9)mm,(11.9±3.6)mm,F=0.237,P=1.739]。术后2年时3组患者的颈椎活动度和颈椎曲率指数比较,组间差异均有统计学意义[(26.7°±2.8°),(28.3°±3.1°),(34.5°±2.7°), F=10.365,P=0.000;(7.5±2.6)mm,(8.3±4.1)mm,(11.2±3.8)mm,F=9.507,P=0.003];钛板固定组的颈椎活动度和颈椎曲率指数均大于其余2组(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),其余2组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.813,P=0.438)。⑤并发症。丝线固定组5例患者术后早期出现上肢麻木,给予地塞米松后缓解;锚钉固定组3例患者术后发热,给予解热镇痛药后缓解;钛板固定组2例患者发生脑脊液漏,3d后消失。所有患者的手术切口均甲级愈合,未发生锚钉脱出、钛板松动或断裂等并发症。结论:3种颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术均能增加脊髓受压患者病变部位椎管面积、减小颈椎活动度和颈椎曲率指数、改善患者神经功能;与丝线悬吊固定相比,锚钉固定和微型钛板固定更加牢固,可有效防止再关门现象;微型钛板固定的疗效最好,但手术操作费时、创伤较大。
目的:觀察3種頸椎後路單開門椎管擴大成形術的臨床療效和安全性。方法:迴顧性分析105例多節段頸段脊髓受壓患者的病例資料,採用單開門絲線懸弔椎管擴大成形術治療者35例(絲線固定組),採用單開門帶線錨釘固定椎管擴大成形術治療者37例(錨釘固定組),採用單開門微型鈦闆固定椎管擴大成形術治療者33例(鈦闆固定組)。比較3組患者的手術時間、齣血量、住院時間、JOA評分、最窄椎管麵積、頸椎活動度、頸椎麯率指數及併髮癥髮生情況。結果:①一般情況。3組患者手術時間、齣血量及住院時間比較,組間差異均有統計學意義[(68.4±18.6)min,(79.8±21.3)min,(86.1±25.9)min,F=13.560,P=0.000;(346.3±85.7)mL,(364.1±83.2)mL,(436.2±89.4)mL,F=14.317,P=0.000;(53.3±4.8)d,(52.4±3.7)d,(32.4±4.5)d,F=19.492,P=0.000]。鈦闆固定組手術時間、齣血量大于其餘2組(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),住院時間比其餘2組短(P=0.000,P=0.000);絲線固定組和錨釘固定組的手術時間、齣血量及住院時間比較,組間差異均無統計學意義(P=0.326,P=0.824,P=0.536)。②JOA評分。手術前後不同時間JOA評分的差異有統計學意義,即存在時間效應[(7.5±3.6)分,(12.7±3.3)分,(13.2±3.7)分;(8.3±3.7)分,(12.8±3.8)分,(12.4±3.3)分;(7.6±2.5)分,(13.2±2.7)分,(14.5±2.6)分;F=56.672,P=0.000]。3組患者JOA評分的組間差異總體上有統計學意義,即存在分組效應(F=45.718,P=0.000);術前和術後1週時3組患者JOA評分比較,組間差異均無統計學意義(F=1.315,P=0.692;F=1.047,P=0.739);術後2年時,鈦闆固定組評分高于其餘2組(P=0.002,P=0.000),其餘2組間比較,差異無統計學意義(P=0.336)。時間因素和分組因素之間不存在交互效應(F=0.372,P=1.041)。③最窄椎管麵積。手術前後不同時間最窄椎管麵積的差異有統計學意義,即存在時間效應[(136.2±35.1)mm2,(274.3±42.5)mm2,(242.6±38.3)mm2;(135.7±32.6)mm2,(272.9±42.3)mm2,(258.7±35.4)mm2;(135.9±34.9)mm2,(275.1±45.8)mm2,(274.1±34.3)mm2;F=45.296,P=0.000]。3組患者最窄椎管麵積的組間差異總體上有統計學意義,即存在分組效應(F=36.342,P=0.000);術前和術後1週時3組患者最窄椎管麵積比較,組間差異均無統計學意義(F=6.260,P=0.103;F=4.614,P=0.527);術後2年時,鈦闆固定組最窄椎管麵積大于其餘2組(P=0.000,P=0.000),錨釘固定組大于絲線固定組(P=0.003)。時間因素和分組因素之間不存在交互效應(F=1.547,P=0.876)。④頸椎活動度和頸椎麯率指數。術前3組患者的頸椎活動度和頸椎麯率指數比較,組間差異均無統計學意義[(36.3°±5.7°),(35.9°±5.2°),(36.8°±6.5°),F=0.302,P=1.045;(11.4±4.5)mm,(12.4±2.9)mm,(11.9±3.6)mm,F=0.237,P=1.739]。術後2年時3組患者的頸椎活動度和頸椎麯率指數比較,組間差異均有統計學意義[(26.7°±2.8°),(28.3°±3.1°),(34.5°±2.7°), F=10.365,P=0.000;(7.5±2.6)mm,(8.3±4.1)mm,(11.2±3.8)mm,F=9.507,P=0.003];鈦闆固定組的頸椎活動度和頸椎麯率指數均大于其餘2組(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),其餘2組間比較,差異均無統計學意義(P=0.813,P=0.438)。⑤併髮癥。絲線固定組5例患者術後早期齣現上肢痳木,給予地塞米鬆後緩解;錨釘固定組3例患者術後髮熱,給予解熱鎮痛藥後緩解;鈦闆固定組2例患者髮生腦脊液漏,3d後消失。所有患者的手術切口均甲級愈閤,未髮生錨釘脫齣、鈦闆鬆動或斷裂等併髮癥。結論:3種頸椎後路單開門椎管擴大成形術均能增加脊髓受壓患者病變部位椎管麵積、減小頸椎活動度和頸椎麯率指數、改善患者神經功能;與絲線懸弔固定相比,錨釘固定和微型鈦闆固定更加牢固,可有效防止再關門現象;微型鈦闆固定的療效最好,但手術操作費時、創傷較大。
목적:관찰3충경추후로단개문추관확대성형술적림상료효화안전성。방법:회고성분석105례다절단경단척수수압환자적병례자료,채용단개문사선현조추관확대성형술치료자35례(사선고정조),채용단개문대선묘정고정추관확대성형술치료자37례(묘정고정조),채용단개문미형태판고정추관확대성형술치료자33례(태판고정조)。비교3조환자적수술시간、출혈량、주원시간、JOA평분、최착추관면적、경추활동도、경추곡솔지수급병발증발생정황。결과:①일반정황。3조환자수술시간、출혈량급주원시간비교,조간차이균유통계학의의[(68.4±18.6)min,(79.8±21.3)min,(86.1±25.9)min,F=13.560,P=0.000;(346.3±85.7)mL,(364.1±83.2)mL,(436.2±89.4)mL,F=14.317,P=0.000;(53.3±4.8)d,(52.4±3.7)d,(32.4±4.5)d,F=19.492,P=0.000]。태판고정조수술시간、출혈량대우기여2조(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),주원시간비기여2조단(P=0.000,P=0.000);사선고정조화묘정고정조적수술시간、출혈량급주원시간비교,조간차이균무통계학의의(P=0.326,P=0.824,P=0.536)。②JOA평분。수술전후불동시간JOA평분적차이유통계학의의,즉존재시간효응[(7.5±3.6)분,(12.7±3.3)분,(13.2±3.7)분;(8.3±3.7)분,(12.8±3.8)분,(12.4±3.3)분;(7.6±2.5)분,(13.2±2.7)분,(14.5±2.6)분;F=56.672,P=0.000]。3조환자JOA평분적조간차이총체상유통계학의의,즉존재분조효응(F=45.718,P=0.000);술전화술후1주시3조환자JOA평분비교,조간차이균무통계학의의(F=1.315,P=0.692;F=1.047,P=0.739);술후2년시,태판고정조평분고우기여2조(P=0.002,P=0.000),기여2조간비교,차이무통계학의의(P=0.336)。시간인소화분조인소지간불존재교호효응(F=0.372,P=1.041)。③최착추관면적。수술전후불동시간최착추관면적적차이유통계학의의,즉존재시간효응[(136.2±35.1)mm2,(274.3±42.5)mm2,(242.6±38.3)mm2;(135.7±32.6)mm2,(272.9±42.3)mm2,(258.7±35.4)mm2;(135.9±34.9)mm2,(275.1±45.8)mm2,(274.1±34.3)mm2;F=45.296,P=0.000]。3조환자최착추관면적적조간차이총체상유통계학의의,즉존재분조효응(F=36.342,P=0.000);술전화술후1주시3조환자최착추관면적비교,조간차이균무통계학의의(F=6.260,P=0.103;F=4.614,P=0.527);술후2년시,태판고정조최착추관면적대우기여2조(P=0.000,P=0.000),묘정고정조대우사선고정조(P=0.003)。시간인소화분조인소지간불존재교호효응(F=1.547,P=0.876)。④경추활동도화경추곡솔지수。술전3조환자적경추활동도화경추곡솔지수비교,조간차이균무통계학의의[(36.3°±5.7°),(35.9°±5.2°),(36.8°±6.5°),F=0.302,P=1.045;(11.4±4.5)mm,(12.4±2.9)mm,(11.9±3.6)mm,F=0.237,P=1.739]。술후2년시3조환자적경추활동도화경추곡솔지수비교,조간차이균유통계학의의[(26.7°±2.8°),(28.3°±3.1°),(34.5°±2.7°), F=10.365,P=0.000;(7.5±2.6)mm,(8.3±4.1)mm,(11.2±3.8)mm,F=9.507,P=0.003];태판고정조적경추활동도화경추곡솔지수균대우기여2조(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),기여2조간비교,차이균무통계학의의(P=0.813,P=0.438)。⑤병발증。사선고정조5례환자술후조기출현상지마목,급여지새미송후완해;묘정고정조3례환자술후발열,급여해열진통약후완해;태판고정조2례환자발생뇌척액루,3d후소실。소유환자적수술절구균갑급유합,미발생묘정탈출、태판송동혹단렬등병발증。결론:3충경추후로단개문추관확대성형술균능증가척수수압환자병변부위추관면적、감소경추활동도화경추곡솔지수、개선환자신경공능;여사선현조고정상비,묘정고정화미형태판고정경가뢰고,가유효방지재관문현상;미형태판고정적료효최호,단수술조작비시、창상교대。
Objective:To observe the clinical curative effects and safety of three kinds of cervical unilateral open-door laminoplasty in posterior access.Methods:The medical records of 105 patients with multiple-segment cervical spinal cord compression were analyzed retro-spectively.The patients were treated with unilateral open-door laminoplasty and the open vertebral plates were fixed with suture silk(35 ), suture anchor(37)and micro titanium plate(33).The operative time,blood loss,hospital stay,JOA scores,minimal cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal,range of motion(ROM)of cervical vertebrae,cervical curvature index(CCI)and complications were compared between the 3 groups.Results:There was statistical difference in the operative time,blood loss and hospital stay between the 3 groups(68.4 +/-18.6,79.8+/-21.3,86.1 +/-25.9 min,F=13.560,P=0.000;346.3+/-85.7,364.1 +/-83.2,436.2+/-89.4 mL,F=14.317,P=0.000;53.3+/-4.8,52.4+/-3.7,32.4+/-4.5 d,F=19.492,P=0.000).The operative time and blood loss of titanium plate group were greater than those of the other 2 groups(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),while the hospital stay of titanium plate group was shorter than that of the other 2 groups(P=0.000,P=0.000).There was no statistical difference in the operative time,blood loss and hospital stay between suture silk group and suture anchor group(P=0.326,P=0.824,P=0.536).There was statistical difference in JOA scores between different time points,in other words,there was time effect(7.5 +/-3.6,12.7 +/-3.3,13.2 +/-3.7 points;8.3 +/-3.7, 12.8+/-3.8,12.4+/-3.3 points;7.6+/-2.5,13.2+/-2.7,14.5 +/-2.6 points;F=56.672,P=0.000).In general,there was statis-tical difference in JOA scores between the three groups,in other words,there was group effect(F=45.718,P=0.000).There was no sta-tistical difference in JOA scores between the three groups before treatment and one week after the treatment(F=1.315,P=0.692;F=1.047,P=0.739).The JOA scores of the titanium plate group were higher than those of the other two groups 2 years after the treatment (P=0.002,P=0.000),and there was no statistical difference in JOA scores between suture silk group and suture anchor group(P=0.336).There was no interaction between time factor and grouping factor(F=0.372,P=1.041).There was statistical difference in the minimal cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal between different time points,in other words,there was time effect(136.2 +/-35.1, 274.3+/-42.5,242.6+/-38.3 mm(2);135.7+/-32.6,272.9+/-42.3,258.7 +/-35.4 mm(2);135.9 +/-34.9,275.1 +/-45.8, 274.1 +/-34.3 mm(2);F=45.296,P=0.000).In general,there was statistical difference in the minimal cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal between the three groups,in other words,there was group effect(F=36.342,P=0.000).There was no statistical difference in the minimal cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal between the three groups before treatment and one week after the treatment(F=6.260,P=0.103;F=4.614,P=0.527).The minimal cross-sectional area of the vertebral canal of the titanium plate group were larger than those of the other two groups 2 years after the treatment(P=0.000,P=0.000),and the suture anchor group surpassed the suture silk fixation group(P=0.003).There was no interaction between time factor and grouping factor(F=1.547,P=0.876).There was no statisti-cal difference in ROMof cervical vertebrae and CCI between the three groups before the treatment(36.3+/-5.7,35.9+/-5.2,36.8+/-6.5 degrees,F=0.302,P=1.045;11.4+/-4.5,12.4+/-2.9,11.9 +/-3.6 mm,F=0.237,P=1.739).There was statistical differ-ence in ROMof cervical vertebrae and CCI between the three groups 2 years after the treatment(26.7+/-2.8,28.3+/-3.1,34.5 +/-2.7 degrees,F=10.365,P=0.000;7.5 +/-2.6,8.3+/-4.1,11.2+/-3.8 mm,F=9.507,P=0.003).The ROMof cervical vertebrae and CCI of the titanium plate group were higher than those of the other 2 groups(P=0.000,P=0.000;P=0.000,P=0.000),and there was no statistical difference in ROM of cervical vertebrae and CCI between suture silk group and suture anchor group(P=0.813,P=0.438). Early upper limb numbness was found in 5 patients in suture silk group after the surgery,and the symptoms were relieved after treatment with dexamethasone.Fever was found in 3 patients in suture anchor group after the surgery,and the symptoms were relieved after treatment with antipyretic analgesic.The leakage of cerebrospinal fluid was found in 2 patients in titanium plate group after the surgery,and the symp-toms disappeared 3 days later.All of the patients in the 3 groups got primary healing in the operative incisions and no complications were found such as anchor prolapse,titanium-plate loosening or fragmentation.Conclusion:For treatment of spinal cord compression,all of the three kinds of cervical unilateral open-door laminoplasty in posterior access can increase the cross-sectional area of vertebral canal and de-crease the ROM of cervical vertebrae and CCI and improve the nerve function.Suture anchor fixation and micro titanium plate fixation were firmer than suture silk fixation and they can effectively prevented reclose-door of vertebral canal.The micro titanium plate fixation has the best curative effect,while it has such disadvantages as more operative time and much invasion.