CAJ | 학술논문

纺织纤维和纸张纤维是常见纤维质文物材料，是构成博物馆精美文物如服饰手稿书画的基本材料，近年来寻求通过无损或微损方法对这一类材料的鉴别以及劣化状况评价备受文物鉴赏家和文物保护工作者的关注。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱，研究博物馆常见纺织纤维材料棉、麻、桑蚕丝、柞蚕丝、羊毛的红外光谱特征和它们的分子结构组成异同，研究传统纸纤维稻草、麦草、龙须草、龙旗松、桑皮红外光谱特征。结果表明：衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱无损分析技术可通过比较3300～2800cm－1CH，NH，OH振动区间光谱形状以及指纹区峰位以区别不同种类纺织品纤维；碳氧振动纸张纤维最明显光谱差异位置出现在与纤维素OH伸缩振动相关波数3300cm－1和与C—O—C相关波数1332，1203，1050cm－1。文章探索研究红外光谱技术结合主成分分析法在快速鉴别纤维材料中的应用。通过对全光谱数据多元散射校正（MSC）预处理后进行主成分分析，可以把红外光谱十分相似的纺织纤维棉和亚麻、桑蚕丝和柞蚕丝明显分类；对光谱相似的纸纤维，可采用选择不同光谱波数段进行主成分分析，比较发现能够把五种纸纤维明显区分的光谱区间为3800～2800cm－1。本研究为分子光谱无损分析技术应用于文物材料鉴别、科学评估纤维材料保存状况提供基础研究。
방직섬유화지장섬유시상견섬유질문물재료，시구성박물관정미문물여복식수고서화적기본재료，근년래심구통과무손혹미손방법대저일류재료적감별이급열화상황평개비수문물감상가화문물보호공작자적관주。차조부리협변환홍외광보，연구박물관상견방직섬유재료면、마、상잠사、작잠사、양모적홍외광보특정화타문적분자결구조성이동，연구전통지섬유도초、맥초、룡수초、룡기송、상피홍외광보특정。결과표명：쇠감전반사부리협변환홍외광보무손분석기술가통과비교3300～2800cm－1CH，NH，OH진동구간광보형상이급지문구봉위이구별불동충류방직품섬유；탄양진동지장섬유최명현광보차이위치출현재여섬유소OH신축진동상관파수3300cm－1화여C—O—C상관파수1332，1203，1050cm－1。문장탐색연구홍외광보기술결합주성분분석법재쾌속감별섬유재료중적응용。통과대전광보수거다원산사교정（MSC）예처리후진행주성분분석，가이파홍외광보십분상사적방직섬유면화아마、상잠사화작잠사명현분류；대광보상사적지섬유，가채용선택불동광보파수단진행주성분분석，비교발현능구파오충지섬유명현구분적광보구간위3800～2800cm－1。본연구위분자광보무손분석기술응용우문물재료감별、과학평고섬유재료보존상황제공기출연구。
Cultural fibrous material includes both important categories ,i .e .textile and paper ,consisting of precious cultural ma-terials in museum ,such as costume ,painting ,and manuscript .In recent years more and more connoisseur and conservator’s concerns are ,through nondestructive method ,the authenticity and the ageing identification of these cultural relics especially made from fragile materials .In this research ,we used attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy to identify five traditional textile fibers ,alongside cotton ,linen ,wool ,mulberry silk and tussah silk ,and another five paper fibers alongside straw ,wheat straw ,long qisong ,Chinese alpine rush and mulberry bar ,which are commonly used for making Chinese traditional xuan paper . The research result showed that the animal fiber (wool ,mulberry silk and tussah silk) and plant fiber (cotton and linen) were easier to be distinguished by comparing the peaks at 3 280 cm-1 belonging to N H stretching vibration and a serious peaks related to amide Ⅰ to amide Ⅲ .In the spectrum of wool ,the peak at 1 076 cm -1 was assigned to the S—O stretching vibration absorp-tion of cystine in wool structure and can be used to tell wool from silk .The spectrum of mulberry silk and tussah silk seems somewhat difficult to be identified ,as well as the spectrum of cotton and linen .Five rural paper fibers all have obvious character-istic peaks at 3 330 ,2 900 cm-1 which are related to OH and CH stretching vibration .In the fingerprint wavenumber range of 1 600~800 cm -1 ,the similar peaks also appeared at 1 370 ,1 320 cm-1 and 1 162 ,1 050 cm -1 ,both group peaks respectively are related to CH and CO vibration in the structure of cellulose and hemicellulose in paper fibers .Although there is more similar-ity of the infrared spectroscopy of these 5 paper fibers ,some tiny difference in absorbance also can be found at 3 300 cm-1 and in the fingerprint range at 1 332 ,1 203 ,and 1 050 cm -1 which are related to C—O—C vibration in cellulose .Moreover ,in order to explore direct and simple method to identify different materials with similar spectrum ,the principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to separate cotton and linen ,mulberry silk and tussah silk ,as well as five paper fibers .To eliminate and reduce the spectral scattering caused by sample uneven surface roughness ,the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) has been applied based on total spectral data .The result showed that the score plot using the first two principal components can effectively cate-gorize both group textiles of cotton and linen ,as well as mulberry silk and tussah silk ,and they have similar chemical structure . For five paper fibers ,the PCA was applied in different spectral range (918~550 ,1 280~918 ,1 700~1 280 and 3 800~2 800 cm -1 ) ,and the best result appeared in the range from 3 800 to 2 800 cm -1 ,in which the five paper fibers can be well catego-rized .This research showed that infrared spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis has great potential advantage on identifying fibrous materials with similar structure .