CAJ | 학술논문

随着国家新一轮区域发展和扶贫攻坚战略的实施，连片特困地区成为新时期扶贫开发工作的主战场。本文以武陵山连片特困区县级行政区划为例，从自然和社会因素中选取主要贫困影响因子，构建评价指标体系，利用GIS和BP神经网络，模拟区域自然致贫指数、社会经济消贫指数，分析贫困的内在成因，探究贫困的空间分布特征，旨在为扶贫开发政策的制定和区域协调发展提供辅助决策。结果表明，研究区自然因素是主要的致贫原因，而社会因素在一定程度上起到了缓解作用。大部分县的自然致贫程度在中等以上，其中，铜仁、湘西地区程度较为严重，绝大多数贫困地区的社会经济水平不高，缓解贫困的能力不强；黔江地区、张家界地区的贫困程度较低，铜仁地区和湘西地区的贫困程度较高。各县的贫困状况和贫困程度存在较大差异，古丈、龙川，务川、正安，隆回、新化及道通、城步共同构成武陵山片区“大分散、小聚集”的贫困分布格局。今后的扶贫开发过程中，应充分考虑自然致贫因素，深入挖掘区域资源优势，加强区域间的交流与协作。
수착국가신일륜구역발전화부빈공견전략적실시，련편특곤지구성위신시기부빈개발공작적주전장。본문이무릉산련편특곤구현급행정구화위례，종자연화사회인소중선취주요빈곤영향인자，구건평개지표체계，이용GIS화BP신경망락，모의구역자연치빈지수、사회경제소빈지수，분석빈곤적내재성인，탐구빈곤적공간분포특정，지재위부빈개발정책적제정화구역협조발전제공보조결책。결과표명，연구구자연인소시주요적치빈원인，이사회인소재일정정도상기도료완해작용。대부분현적자연치빈정도재중등이상，기중，동인、상서지구정도교위엄중，절대다수빈곤지구적사회경제수평불고，완해빈곤적능력불강；검강지구、장가계지구적빈곤정도교저，동인지구화상서지구적빈곤정도교고。각현적빈곤상황화빈곤정도존재교대차이，고장、룡천，무천、정안，륭회、신화급도통、성보공동구성무릉산편구“대분산、소취집”적빈곤분포격국。금후적부빈개발과정중，응충분고필자연치빈인소，심입알굴구역자원우세，가강구역간적교류여협작。
With the implementation of new regional development and poverty alleviation strategy, contiguous destitute region shave turned into the main battle field to promote poverty alleviation and development. Selecting the contiguous destitute regions in Wuling Mountain as the study area, taking county as the study unit, this paper selects the main influence factors of poverty from common natural and social factors to build an evaluation index system. Using GIS and BP Neural Network, this paper simulates natural impoverishing index and socio-econom-ic poverty alleviation index, analyses the reason of regional poverty from the perspective of nature and society, and explores the spatial distribution characteristics of poverty in order to provide decision support for establish-ing policies for poverty alleviation and development, and achieving regional harmonious development. The re-sults show that the natural factors, such as terrain, slope, and disaster, are the main impoverishing index for the study area. The socio-economic factors, such as education, road, and medical care, could alleviate poverty to some extent. The natural poverty degree for most counties in the study area is above average, in which the Ton-gren and Xiangxi regions have relatively high level of poverty. Most destitute areas have low socio-economic lev-el, and their ability to alleviate poverty is not strong. The degree of poverty in Qianjiang and Zhangjiajie regions is lower, while in Tongren and Xiangxi regions is higher. Large differences exist between these counties’pover-ty situations. Guzhang, Longchuan, Wuichuan, Zhengan, Longhui, Xinhua, Daotong, and Chengbu together con-stitute the poverty distribution pattern of"large dispersion, small aggregation"in Wuling Mountain area. In the process of poverty alleviation and development, considerations should be given to the natural factors, and take advantage of local nature resources, especially the mining resources. According to the poverty type and self-de-velopment ability, different regions are compatible with different approaches. Meanwhile, the contiguous desti-tute regions in Wuling Mountain area should interactively strengthen their exchange and cooperation.