CAJ | 학술논문

目的：探讨学龄前儿童看电视时间与饮食模式的相关性。方法选取上海市虹口区全部11所幼儿园儿童及其家长作为调查对象。①采用“儿童个人及家庭社会环境问卷”调查儿童及其家庭基本情况、看电视情况；②以简明版食物频率问卷（ FFQ）调查儿童在过去1周内常见食物的摄入频率；③测量儿童的身高和体重。对FFQ中的10个条目，采用主成分分析方法归纳儿童主要饮食模式。以看电视时间<2 h·d_1和≥2 h·d_1分组，分析看电视时间与饮食模式的相关性。结果共发放问卷1827份，回收有效问卷1670份（91.4%）。进入分析儿童平均年龄（5.1±1.0）岁，其中男童824名（49.3%）。平均BMI（15.8±1.8）kg·m_2，平均 BMI Z 值为0.015±0.96。①儿童平时看电视时间≥2 h·d_1为12.9%（215/1670），周末看电视时间≥2 h·d_1为36.6%（612/1670）。②主成分分析提出2种儿童主要饮食模式，即传统型饮食模式和西方型饮食模式。传统型饮食模式以水果、蔬菜、红肉类、白肉类和主食类等食物为代表，西方型饮食模式主要包括甜食、软饮料和果汁类等。③在调整了年龄、性别、父母受教育程度、家庭收入水平和BMI Z值等因素后，相比看电视时间<2 h·d_1的儿童，平时和周末看电视时间≥2 h·d_1的儿童传统型饮食模式的得分均较低（β分别为_0.105和_0.102，P均<0.001），西方型饮食模式的得分较高（β分别为0.138和0.158，P均<0.001）。④多元线性回归分析结果表明，调整了年龄、性别、父母受教育程度和家庭收入水平等因素后，学龄前儿童西方型饮食模式的因子得分越高，其BMI值越高（β=0.066，P=0.006）。结论不良的饮食模式可能是导致儿童肥胖的危险因素。学龄前儿童看电视时间会影响其饮食模式，看电视较多的儿童应尤其注意饮食健康。
목적：탐토학령전인동간전시시간여음식모식적상관성。방법선취상해시홍구구전부11소유인완인동급기가장작위조사대상。①채용“인동개인급가정사회배경문권”조사인동급기가정기본정황、간전시정황；②이간명판식물빈솔문권（ FFQ）조사인동재과거1주내상견식물적섭입빈솔；③측량인동적신고화체중。대FFQ중적10개조목，채용주성분분석방법귀납인동주요음식모식。이간전시시간<2 h·d_1화≥2 h·d_1분조，분석간전시시간여음식모식적상관성。결과공발방문권1827빈，회수유효문권1670빈（91.4%）。진입분석인동평균년령（5.1±1.0）세，기중남동824명（49.3%）。평균BMI（15.8±1.8）kg·m_2，평균 BMI Z 치위0.015±0.96。①인동평시간전시시간≥2 h·d_1위12.9%（215/1670），주말간전시시간≥2 h·d_1위36.6%（612/1670）。②주성분분석제출2충인동주요음식모식，즉전통형음식모식화서방형음식모식。전통형음식모식이수과、소채、홍육류、백육류화주식류등식물위대표，서방형음식모식주요포괄첨식、연음료화과즙류등。③재조정료년령、성별、부모수교육정도、가정수입수평화BMI Z치등인소후，상비간전시시간<2 h·d_1적인동，평시화주말간전시시간≥2 h·d_1적인동전통형음식모식적득분균교저（β분별위_0.105화_0.102，P균<0.001），서방형음식모식적득분교고（β분별위0.138화0.158，P균<0.001）。④다원선성회귀분석결과표명，조정료년령、성별、부모수교육정도화가정수입수평등인소후，학령전인동서방형음식모식적인자득분월고，기BMI치월고（β=0.066，P=0.006）。결론불량적음식모식가능시도치인동비반적위험인소。학령전인동간전시시간회영향기음식모식，간전시교다적인동응우기주의음식건강。
Objective To investigate the association between television viewing time and dietary patterns among preschool children. Methods All the children and their parents from 11 kindergartens in Hongkou District,Shanghai China were included. The Socio-demographic questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and television viewing time of the children. Dietary information was collected by using a simplified food frequency questionnaire( FFQ),which included children's common food intake during the past week. Principal component analysis was used to derive two dietary patterns based on the FFQ. Children's weight and height were also measured uniformly and BMI was calculated. Children's television viewing time was divided into 2 groups using 2 hours as the cutoff point and to explore the association between television viewing time and dietary patterns. Results The final sample consisted of 1 670 children,boys accounted for 49. 3%. And average BMI was(15. 8 ± 1. 8)kg·m_2 and BMI Z score was 0. 015 ± 0. 96. ①On weekdays children who watched TV more than 2 h·d_1 were 12. 9%,while at weekends were 36. 6%. ②Two dietary patterns were labeled as 〝the traditional dietary pattern〝 and 〝the western dietary pattern〝. The former included fruits,vegetables,red meat,white meat and staple food,whereas the latter included snack,juice,soft drinks and white meat. ③Comparing with children watching TV less than 2 h·d_1 ,children spending more than 2 h·d_1 watching TV seemed to have lower traditional dietary pattern scores but higher western dietary pattern scores,even after adjustment for age,gender,BMI levels,and family income. ④Preschool children with higher western dietary pattern scores appeared to have higher BMI(β =0. 066,P=0. 006). Conclusion Western dietary patterns might be the risk factors for preschooler' obesity. Shorter television viewing time may be beneficial for pre-school children's dietary patterns. Children who have excessive television viewing time may need to be encouraged to consume a more healthy diet.