CAJ | 학술논문

【目的】对毛乌素风沙区超大工作面开采当年和沉陷一年后的裂缝区和采空区的土壤理化性质和植物生长生理指标随时间的变化进行分析研究，为矿区生态的自我修复研究提供科学依据。【方法】通过样地调查和室内元素含量分析，并利用 ANOVA 方差分析和 LSD 最小显著差异法对数据进行统计分析。【结果】结果表明：开采当年裂缝区和采空区土壤含水率都与对照组存在显著差异，而沉陷一年只有裂缝区的含水率和对照组存在显著差异，土壤具有自我修复的能力，采空区的修复速度和修复能力都强于裂缝区；沉陷一年裂缝区、采空区和对照组的土壤 pH值与开采当年比较无显著差异，开采当年和沉陷一年后土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量显著低于对照组，沉陷一年裂缝区、采空区的全氮、速效磷、速效钾元素含量较开采当年显著提高；受土壤环境影响最大的是乔木，其次是灌木，草本受环境影响最小，并且其恢复速度最快。【结论】植物在土壤水肥环境剧变后，促使植物对环境重新适应并对土壤环境进行修复，修复能力表现为：草本＞灌木＞乔木。
【목적】대모오소풍사구초대공작면개채당년화침함일년후적렬봉구화채공구적토양이화성질화식물생장생리지표수시간적변화진행분석연구，위광구생태적자아수복연구제공과학의거。【방법】통과양지조사화실내원소함량분석，병이용 ANOVA 방차분석화 LSD 최소현저차이법대수거진행통계분석。【결과】결과표명：개채당년렬봉구화채공구토양함수솔도여대조조존재현저차이，이침함일년지유렬봉구적함수솔화대조조존재현저차이，토양구유자아수복적능력，채공구적수복속도화수복능력도강우렬봉구；침함일년렬봉구、채공구화대조조적토양 pH치여개채당년비교무현저차이，개채당년화침함일년후토양적전담、속효린、속효갑함량현저저우대조조，침함일년렬봉구、채공구적전담、속효린、속효갑원소함량교개채당년현저제고；수토양배경영향최대적시교목，기차시관목，초본수배경영향최소，병차기회복속도최쾌。【결론】식물재토양수비배경극변후，촉사식물대배경중신괄응병대토양배경진행수복，수복능력표현위：초본＞관목＞교목。
Objective]The objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration in mining area through investigating the soil physi-chemical properties and plant physi-ological and growth traits in large cracks and mined-out area after 1 year of mining in the Mu Us sandland.[Method]ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD)was used to analyze the data based on plot survey and indoor element content analysis.[Results]The results showed that soil water content in the crack and mined-out areas in mining period had significant differences com-pared to control group.Significant differences in soil water content was only found between crack area and control after 1 year of subsidence.Soil physical properties had the ability to repair them-selves.The repairing speed and ability were stronger in the mined-out area than in the crack area. There were no significant differences in soil pH value among crack area,mined-out area and con-trol area after 1 year of subsidence.Soil total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potas-sium contents were significantly lower in the mining period and 1 year of subsidence compared to control group.These indexes in the crack and mined-out areas after 1 year of subsidence were sig-nificantly higher relative to mining period.[Conclusion]Plants adapted to the environments due to changes in soil water and nutrients and plants in turn restored the soil environments.The order of restoration capacity was herb > shrub > tree.